id category name description provided_by BFO:0000002 biolink:NamedThing continuant MAXO_relaxed.owl BFO:0000001 biolink:NamedThing entity MAXO_relaxed.owl BFO:0000003 biolink:NamedThing occurrent MAXO_relaxed.owl BFO:0000004 biolink:NamedThing independent continuant MAXO_relaxed.owl BFO:0000020 biolink:NamedThing specifically dependent continuant MAXO_relaxed.owl PR:000050369 biolink:NamedThing D-dimer (human) A protein-containing complex that is the remnant of fibrin mesh degradation (fibrinolysis) by plasmin in human. MAXO_relaxed.owl BFO:0000006 biolink:NamedThing spatial region MAXO_relaxed.owl BFO:0000141 biolink:NamedThing immaterial entity MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000466 biolink:NamedThing immaterial anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has no mass. MAXO_relaxed.owl BFO:0000015 biolink:NamedThing process MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0004930 biolink:NamedThing G protein-coupled receptor activity Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0023061 biolink:NamedThing signal release The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046907 biolink:NamedThing intracellular transport The directed movement of substances within a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000066 biolink:NamedThing fully formed stage The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000068 biolink:NamedThing embryo stage A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000071 biolink:NamedThing death stage End of the life of an organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000092 biolink:NamedThing post-embryonic stage Stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000104 biolink:NamedThing life cycle An entire span of an organism's life. In metazoans, commences with the zygote stage and ends with the death of the organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000106 biolink:NamedThing zygote stage A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000107 biolink:NamedThing cleavage stage The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000108 biolink:NamedThing blastula stage An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000109 biolink:NamedThing gastrula stage A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000110 biolink:NamedThing neurula stage Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000111 biolink:NamedThing organogenesis stage A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000112 biolink:NamedThing sexually immature stage MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000113 biolink:NamedThing post-juvenile adult stage The stage of being a sexually mature adult animal. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004707 biolink:NamedThing pharyngula stage A stage that follows the blastula, gastrula and neurula stages. At the pharyngula stage, all vertebrate embryos show remarkable similarities. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0007220 biolink:NamedThing late embryonic stage An embryo stage that covers late steps of the embryogenesis with a fully formed embryo still developing before birth or egg hatching. MAXO_relaxed.owl BFO:0000017 biolink:NamedThing realizable entity MAXO_relaxed.owl BFO:0000019 biolink:NamedThing quality MAXO_relaxed.owl BFO:0000023 biolink:NamedThing role MAXO_relaxed.owl OBI:0000260 biolink:NamedThing plan A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process. MAXO_relaxed.owl BFO:0000040 biolink:NamedThing material entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:12777 biolink:NamedThing vitamin A Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:142163 biolink:NamedThing 24G7 epitope An antigenic epitope recognized by an anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody designated 24G7. A substructure of bilirubin IXalpha, it is the region containing the oxo group at C-1, the methyl group at C-2, C-(4, 5, 6, 9), and N-21 and -22. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:14321 biolink:NamedThing glutamate(1-) An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15354 biolink:NamedThing choline A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15361 biolink:NamedThing pyruvate A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15414 biolink:NamedThing S-adenosyl-L-methionine A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15440 biolink:NamedThing squalene A triterpene consisting of 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane having six double bonds at the 2-, 6-, 10-, 14-, 18- and 22-positions with (all-E)-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15724 biolink:NamedThing trimethylamine N-oxide A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15740 biolink:NamedThing formate A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of formic acid. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16113 biolink:NamedThing cholesterol A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16134 biolink:NamedThing ammonia An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16137 biolink:NamedThing chondroitin D-glucuronate A mucopolysaccharide composed of repeating beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-N-acetylgalactosaminyl units. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16189 biolink:NamedThing sulfate A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16199 biolink:NamedThing urea A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16236 biolink:NamedThing ethanol A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16336 biolink:NamedThing hyaluronic acid A mucopolysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. It is found in the connective tissues of vertebrates. A principal constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it mediates the growth and metastasis of tumour cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16389 biolink:NamedThing ubiquinones Any benzoquinone derived from 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone; one of a group of naturally occurring homologues. The redox-active quinoid moiety usually carries a polyprenoid side chain at position 6, the number of isoprenoid units in which is species-specific. Ubiquinones are involved in the control of mitochondrial electron transport, and are also potent anti-oxidants. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16454 biolink:NamedThing pantothenate A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16704 biolink:NamedThing uridine A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of uracil attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16716 biolink:NamedThing benzene A six-carbon aromatic annulene in which each carbon atom donates one of its two 2p electrons into a delocalised pi system. A toxic, flammable liquid byproduct of coal distillation, it is used as an industrial solvent. Benzene is a carcinogen that also damages bone marrow and the central nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:167164 biolink:NamedThing mineral nutrient A mineral that is an inorganic nutrient which must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide range of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the human body. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16919 biolink:NamedThing creatine A glycine derivative having methyl and amidino groups attached to the nitrogen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17120 biolink:NamedThing hexanoate A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexanoic acid (also known as caproic acid). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17126 biolink:NamedThing carnitine An amino-acid betaine that is butanoate substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-3 and a trimethylammonium group at C-4. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17137 biolink:NamedThing hydrogensulfite MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17234 biolink:NamedThing glucose An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17272 biolink:NamedThing propionate The conjugate base of propionic acid; a key precursor in lipid biosynthesis. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17287 biolink:NamedThing N-phosphocreatine A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17544 biolink:NamedThing hydrogencarbonate The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17568 biolink:NamedThing uracil A common and naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleobase in which the pyrimidine ring is substituted with two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4. Found in RNA, it base pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17578 biolink:NamedThing toluene The simplest member of the class toluenes consisting of a benzene core which bears a single methyl substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17579 biolink:NamedThing beta-carotene A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:176783 biolink:NamedThing vitamin C Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17716 biolink:NamedThing lactose A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17754 biolink:NamedThing glycerol A triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17781 biolink:NamedThing lumichrome A compound showing blue fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in acid or neutral solution. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17790 biolink:NamedThing methanol The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17968 biolink:NamedThing butyrate A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17992 biolink:NamedThing sucrose A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18248 biolink:NamedThing iron atom An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:194429 biolink:NamedThing mevalonolactone A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-mevalonolactone and (S)-mevalonolactone. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22315 biolink:NamedThing alkaloid Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22651 biolink:NamedThing ascorbate A ketoaldonate that is the conjugate base of ascorbic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22984 biolink:NamedThing calcium atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24531 biolink:NamedThing heterocyclic antibiotic MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24833 biolink:NamedThing oxoacid A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25105 biolink:NamedThing macrolide antibiotic A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25107 biolink:NamedThing magnesium atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25351 biolink:NamedThing mevalonic acid A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25555 biolink:NamedThing nitrogen atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25805 biolink:NamedThing oxygen atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25848 biolink:NamedThing pantothenic acids A class of amides formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine and its derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26216 biolink:NamedThing potassium atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26708 biolink:NamedThing sodium atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26764 biolink:NamedThing steroid hormone Any steroid that acts as hormone. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26833 biolink:NamedThing sulfur atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26895 biolink:NamedThing tetracyclines A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27300 biolink:NamedThing vitamin D Any member of a group of fat-soluble hydroxy seco-steroids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D can be obtained from sun exposure, food and supplements and is biologically inactive and converted into the biologically active calcitriol via double hydroxylation in the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27363 biolink:NamedThing zinc atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27568 biolink:NamedThing selenium atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27594 biolink:NamedThing carbon atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28260 biolink:NamedThing galactose An aldohexose that is the C-4 epimer of glucose. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28384 biolink:NamedThing vitamin K Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28425 biolink:NamedThing alpha-carotene A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28659 biolink:NamedThing phosphorus atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28757 biolink:NamedThing fructose A ketohexose that is an isomer of glucose. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28838 biolink:NamedThing lutein MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28938 biolink:NamedThing ammonium An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29101 biolink:NamedThing sodium(1+) A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29108 biolink:NamedThing calcium(2+) MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29747 biolink:NamedThing cholate A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of cholic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29987 biolink:NamedThing glutamate(2-) A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is the conjugate base of glutamate(1-). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30089 biolink:NamedThing acetate A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30363 biolink:NamedThing isobutane An alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30623 biolink:NamedThing oxalate(2-) A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of oxalic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:31011 biolink:NamedThing valerate A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valeric acid; present in ester form as component of many steroid-based pharmaceuticals. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32184 biolink:NamedThing tazarotene The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32442 biolink:NamedThing L-cysteinate(1-) The L-enantiomer of cysteinate(1-). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32443 biolink:NamedThing L-cysteinate(2-) The L-enantiomer of cysteinate(2-). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32445 biolink:NamedThing L-cysteinium The L-enantiomer of cysteinium. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32449 biolink:NamedThing D-cysteinate(1-) The D-enantiomer of cysteinate(1-). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32450 biolink:NamedThing D-cysteinate(2-) The D-enantiomer of cysteinate(2-). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32451 biolink:NamedThing D-cysteinium The D-enantiomer of cysteinium. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32507 biolink:NamedThing glycinium An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of glycine, arising from protonation of the amino. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32508 biolink:NamedThing glycinate An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glycine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32631 biolink:NamedThing L-methioninate The L-enantiomer of methioninate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32632 biolink:NamedThing L-methioninium The L-enantiomer of methioninium. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32637 biolink:NamedThing D-methioninate The D-enantiomer of methioninate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32638 biolink:NamedThing D-methioninium The D-enantiomer of methioninium. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32845 biolink:NamedThing serinate An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of serine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32846 biolink:NamedThing serinium An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of serine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32879 biolink:NamedThing propane MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33234 biolink:NamedThing vitamin E Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33405 biolink:NamedThing hydracid A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33848 biolink:NamedThing polycyclic arene A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33913 biolink:NamedThing corrinoid A derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced or partly reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three =C- groups and one direct carbon-carbon bond linking alpha positions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:3424 biolink:NamedThing carnitinium A quaternary ammonium ion that is the the conjugate acid of carnitine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35584 biolink:NamedThing purine A heterobicyclic aromatic organic compound comprising a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring; the parent compound of the purines. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35780 biolink:NamedThing phosphate ion A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36234 biolink:NamedThing chenodeoxycholate Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36464 biolink:NamedThing (R)-mevalonate The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37257 biolink:NamedThing phytanate A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of phytanic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37808 biolink:NamedThing butane A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46904 biolink:NamedThing oxalate(1-) A dicarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of oxalic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46912 biolink:NamedThing ornithinium(1+) MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:49637 biolink:NamedThing hydrogen atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50047 biolink:NamedThing organic amino compound A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52090 biolink:NamedThing methoxide An organic anion that is the conjugate base of methanol. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52092 biolink:NamedThing ethoxide An organic anion that is the conjugate base of ethanol. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57977 biolink:NamedThing bilirubin(2-) A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of the two carboxy groups of bilirubin; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58092 biolink:NamedThing N-phosphocreatinate(2-) Dianion of N-phosphocreatine arising from deprotonation of the phospho and carboxy groups and protonation of the guanidino group; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58389 biolink:NamedThing trimethylammonium An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of trimethylamine, obtained via protonation of the nitrogen; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59789 biolink:NamedThing S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:61917 biolink:NamedThing (R)-thalidomide A 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione that has R-configuration at the chiral centre. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:61918 biolink:NamedThing (S)-thalidomide A 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63070 biolink:NamedThing beta-alaninate A beta-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of beta-alanine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:67040 biolink:NamedThing S-adenosyl-L-methioninate A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75769 biolink:NamedThing B vitamin Any member of the group of eight water-soluble vitamins originally thought to be a single compound (vitamin B) that play important roles in cell metabolism. The group comprises of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12 (Around 20 other compounds were once thought to be B vitamins but are no longer classified as such). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78236 biolink:NamedThing N-acetyl-L-cysteinate A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:7896 biolink:NamedThing hexadecanoate A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid); major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:87228 biolink:NamedThing sulfonamide antibiotic A class of sulfonamides whose members generally have bacteriostatic antibiotic properties. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:88184 biolink:NamedThing metal allergen Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:95115 biolink:NamedThing 4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one A member of the class of 2-pyranones that is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one substituted by a methyl and hydroxy group at position 4. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:9513 biolink:NamedThing thalidomide A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:10545 biolink:NamedThing electron Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36338 biolink:NamedThing lepton Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:11955 biolink:NamedThing 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate The conjugate base of gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36059 biolink:NamedThing hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion Any monocarboxylic acid anion carrying at least one hydroxy substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:194520 biolink:NamedThing 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group; Major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:71666 biolink:NamedThing gamma-amino acid anion An amino-acid anion in which the amino group is situated gamma- to the carboxylate group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26537 biolink:NamedThing retinoid Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:73129 biolink:NamedThing tazarotenic acid A thiochromane that is acetylene in which the hydrogens are replaced by 5-carboxypyridin-2-yl and 4,4-dimethylthiochroman-6-yl groups. It is the active form of the prodrug tazarotene. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:131530 biolink:NamedThing pyridoxal(1+) A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of the ring nitrogen of pyridoxal. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27306 biolink:NamedThing vitamin B6 Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16709 biolink:NamedThing pyridoxine A hydroxymethylpyridine with hydroxymethyl groups at positions 4 and 5, a hydroxy group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-methanol form of vitamin B6, it is converted intoto pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17310 biolink:NamedThing pyridoxal A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine-4-carbaldehyde bearing methyl, hydroxy and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5 respectively. The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B6, it is converted into pyridoxal phosphate, a coenzyme for the synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:176894 biolink:NamedThing vitamin B6 phosphate anion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36970 biolink:NamedThing vitamin B6 phosphate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50334 biolink:NamedThing pyridinium ion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:131604 biolink:NamedThing Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Mycoplasma genitalium. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76969 biolink:NamedThing bacterial metabolite Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76971 biolink:NamedThing Escherichia coli metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:131619 biolink:NamedThing C27-steroid A steroid compound with a structure based on a 27-carbon (cholestane) skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35341 biolink:NamedThing steroid Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:131657 biolink:NamedThing cholane derivative Any steroid (or derivative) based on a cholane skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:136889 biolink:NamedThing 5beta steroid Any steroid that has beta-configuration at position 5. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35350 biolink:NamedThing hydroxy steroid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35508 biolink:NamedThing steroid fundamental parent MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35788 biolink:NamedThing seco-steroid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36078 biolink:NamedThing cholanoid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:47891 biolink:NamedThing steroid acid Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50401 biolink:NamedThing cholestanoid Any steroid based on a cholestane skeleton and its derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50858 biolink:NamedThing corticosteroid A natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:131620 biolink:NamedThing C24-steroid A steroid compound with a structure based on a 24-carbon (cholane) skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:131699 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor A DNA polymerase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38234 biolink:NamedThing DNA polymerase inhibitor Any inhibitor of a DNA polymerase. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:131795 biolink:NamedThing dopamine receptor D1 agonist A dopamine agonist that binds to and activates the dopamine receptor D1. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51065 biolink:NamedThing dopamine agonist A drug that binds to and activates dopamine receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:131878 biolink:NamedThing cholanic acid anion Any steroid acid anion based on a cholanic acid skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36235 biolink:NamedThing bile acid anion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:131927 biolink:NamedThing dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36586 biolink:NamedThing carbonyl compound Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17087 biolink:NamedThing ketone A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17478 biolink:NamedThing aldehyde A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33308 biolink:NamedThing carboxylic ester An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33575 biolink:NamedThing carboxylic acid A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:132124 biolink:NamedThing 1,4-benzoquinones Any member of the class of benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone or its C-substituted derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22729 biolink:NamedThing benzoquinones Any quinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol, hydroquinone, or their C-substituted derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:71648 biolink:NamedThing hydroxybenzoquinone Benzoquinones with at least one hydroxy substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25830 biolink:NamedThing p-quinones A quinone in which the two oxo groups of the quinone are located para to each other on the 6-membered quinonoid ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:132142 biolink:NamedThing 1,4-naphthoquinones A naphthoquinone in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the parent naphthalene ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26255 biolink:NamedThing prenylquinone A quinone substituted by a polyprenyl-derived side-chain. Prenylquinones occur in all living cells. Due to their amphiphilic character, they are mainly located in biological membranes where they function as electron and proton carriers in the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains. Some prenylquinones also perform more specialised roles sucy as antioxidants and enzyme cofactors. Prenylquinones are classified according to ring structure: the main classes are menaquinones, phylloquinones, ubiquinones and plastoquinones. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:132130 biolink:NamedThing hydroxyquinone Any quinone in which one or more of the carbons making up the quinone moiety is substituted by a hydroxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33822 biolink:NamedThing organic hydroxy compound An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:166856 biolink:NamedThing hydroxytrimethylaminium A methylated tertiary amine that is trimethylammonium in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23229 biolink:NamedThing chromanol Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24663 biolink:NamedThing hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid Any member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids carrying at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24669 biolink:NamedThing hydroxy carboxylic acid Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26191 biolink:NamedThing polyol A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30879 biolink:NamedThing alcohol A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33823 biolink:NamedThing enol Alkenols; the term refers specifically to vinylic alcohols, which have the structure HOCR'=CR2. Enols are tautomeric with aldehydes (R' = H) or ketones (R' =/= H). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33853 biolink:NamedThing phenols Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:74818 biolink:NamedThing heteroaryl hydroxy compound Any organic aromatic compound having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a heteroarene ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:85184 biolink:NamedThing dihydroxycholanic acid Any member of the class of cholanic acids carrying two hydroxy substituents at unspecified positions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36141 biolink:NamedThing quinone Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25481 biolink:NamedThing naphthoquinone A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:132153 biolink:NamedThing hyaluronate A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of hyaluronic acid; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:61469 biolink:NamedThing polyanionic polymer A polymer, composed of polyanion macromolecules. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57652 biolink:NamedThing chondroitin D-glucuronate anion Anionic form of chondroitin D-glucuronate arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid groups of the repeating units; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63551 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate acid derivative anion A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a carbohydrate acid derivative. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:132544 biolink:NamedThing fatty acid 22:6 Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 6 double bonds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26208 biolink:NamedThing polyunsaturated fatty acid Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59549 biolink:NamedThing essential fatty acid Any member of the sub-set of polyunsaturated fatty acid for which there is an absolute dietary requirement. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:132952 biolink:NamedThing oxalate A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35693 biolink:NamedThing dicarboxylic acid anion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28965 biolink:NamedThing dicarboxylic acid dianion A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35695 biolink:NamedThing dicarboxylic acid monoanion Any dicarboxylic acid anion that is a monoanion obtained by the deprotonation of only one of the carboxy groups of the dicarboxylic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:133326 biolink:NamedThing barium sulfate A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:190438 biolink:NamedThing inorganic barium salt A barium salt that lacks C-H bonds MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51336 biolink:NamedThing metal sulfate Sulfate salts where the cation is a metal ion. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63320 biolink:NamedThing barium salt An alkaline earth salt that has barium(2+) as the cation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:134179 biolink:NamedThing volatile organic compound Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:72695 biolink:NamedThing organic molecule Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33832 biolink:NamedThing organic cyclic compound Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36587 biolink:NamedThing organic oxo compound Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51151 biolink:NamedThing dipolar compound An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:73474 biolink:NamedThing acetylenic compound Any organic molecule containing a C#C bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:134363 biolink:NamedThing tertiary amine oxide An N-oxide where there are three organic groups bonded to the nitrogen atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35580 biolink:NamedThing N-oxide MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:135063 biolink:NamedThing glycerylphosphorylcholine MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36313 biolink:NamedThing glycerophosphocholine The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:136859 biolink:NamedThing pro-agent A compound that, on administration, undergoes conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the active agent for which it is a pro-agent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33232 biolink:NamedThing application Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:228364 biolink:NamedThing NMR chemical shift reference compound Any compound that produces a peak used to reference an NMR spectrum during data pre-processing. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27780 biolink:NamedThing detergent A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) having cleaning properties in dilute solutions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33286 biolink:NamedThing agrochemical An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33292 biolink:NamedThing fuel An energy-rich substance that can be transformed with release of usable energy. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33893 biolink:NamedThing reagent A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46787 biolink:NamedThing solvent A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52217 biolink:NamedThing pharmaceutical Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64047 biolink:NamedThing food additive Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:65023 biolink:NamedThing anti-asthmatic agent Any compound that has anti-asthmatic effects. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:67079 biolink:NamedThing anti-inflammatory agent Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75835 biolink:NamedThing anti-anaemic agent A compound which increases either the number of red cells or the amount of haemoglobin in the blood. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76414 biolink:NamedThing propellant A compressed gas or liquid with a boiling point lower than room temperature which to used to propel and dispense liquids such as deodorants, insecticides, paints, etc. from aerosol cans. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78433 biolink:NamedThing refrigerant A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:137431 biolink:NamedThing antihypotensive agent A cardiovascular drug that tends to raise reduced blood pressure. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35554 biolink:NamedThing cardiovascular drug A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:145947 biolink:NamedThing antiatherosclerotic agent A cardiovascular drug that prevents atherosclerosis (a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque). Compare with antiatherogenic agent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35620 biolink:NamedThing vasodilator agent A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35674 biolink:NamedThing antihypertensive agent Any drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38070 biolink:NamedThing anti-arrhythmia drug A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50855 biolink:NamedThing antiatherogenic agent A cardiovascular drug that prevents atherogenesis, the accumulation of lipid-containing plaques on the innermost layers of the arteries. Compare with antiatherosclerotic agent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:137982 biolink:NamedThing tertiary ammonium ion An organic cation obtained by protonation of the amino group of any tertiary amino compound. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25697 biolink:NamedThing organic cation Any organic ion with a net positive charge. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33703 biolink:NamedThing amino-acid cation MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35267 biolink:NamedThing quaternary ammonium ion A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63048 biolink:NamedThing 1,3-thiazolium cation An organic cation resulting from protonation or quaternisation at the 3-position of any 1,3-thiazole. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:65296 biolink:NamedThing primary ammonium ion An ammonium ion derivative resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen atom of a primary amino compound. Major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:137983 biolink:NamedThing methylated tertiary amine A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of any tertiary amine MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23217 biolink:NamedThing cholines A quaternary ammonium ion based on the choline ion and its substituted derivatives thereof. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:138015 biolink:NamedThing endocrine disruptor Any compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51061 biolink:NamedThing hormone receptor modulator A drug that modulates the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:49020 biolink:NamedThing hormone antagonist A chemical substance which inhibits the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:138103 biolink:NamedThing inorganic acid A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39141 biolink:NamedThing Bronsted acid A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48356 biolink:NamedThing protic solvent A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:138366 biolink:NamedThing bile acids Any member of a group of hydroxy steroids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration, while in lower vertebrates, some bile acids, known as allo-bile acids, have 5alpha-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25384 biolink:NamedThing monocarboxylic acid An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15366 biolink:NamedThing acetic acid A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26420 biolink:NamedThing pyridinemonocarboxylic acid A monocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is attached to a pyridine (or substituted pyridine) ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30751 biolink:NamedThing formic acid The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35366 biolink:NamedThing fatty acid Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35868 biolink:NamedThing hydroxy monocarboxylic acid Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35871 biolink:NamedThing oxo monocarboxylic acid Any monocarboxylic acid having at least one additional oxo functional group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38795 biolink:NamedThing pteroic acids MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51570 biolink:NamedThing biotins Compounds containing a biotin (5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid) skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36834 biolink:NamedThing 3-hydroxy steroid Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36844 biolink:NamedThing 7-hydroxy steroid A hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 7. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36845 biolink:NamedThing 12-hydroxy steroid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36853 biolink:NamedThing hydroxy seco-steroid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22868 biolink:NamedThing bile salt A sodium salt of the conjugate of any bile acid with either glycine or taurine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36277 biolink:NamedThing bile acid salt A salt of a bile acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36278 biolink:NamedThing cholanic acids MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:138675 biolink:NamedThing gas molecular entity Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33579 biolink:NamedThing main group molecular entity A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33674 biolink:NamedThing s-block molecular entity An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33675 biolink:NamedThing p-block molecular entity A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:139120 biolink:NamedThing carotenoid beta-end derivative Any carotenoid derivative with an beta-end group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23044 biolink:NamedThing carotenoid One of a class of tetraterpenoids (C40), formally derived from the acyclic parent, psi,psi-carotene by hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, cyclization, oxidation, or combination of these processes. This class includes carotenes, xanthophylls and certain compounds that arise from rearrangement of the skeleton of psi,psi-carotene or by loss of part of this structure. Retinoids are excluded. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27325 biolink:NamedThing xanthophyll A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:13941 biolink:NamedThing carbamate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37022 biolink:NamedThing amino-acid anion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33558 biolink:NamedThing alpha-amino-acid anion An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:49095 biolink:NamedThing beta-amino-acid anion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63470 biolink:NamedThing sulfur-containing amino-acid anion A sulfur-containing amino acid whose alpha-carboxylic acid group is ionized (not protonated). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63471 biolink:NamedThing branched-chain amino-acid anion A branched-chain amino acid whose alpha-carboxylic acid group is ionized. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63473 biolink:NamedThing aromatic amino-acid anion An aromatic amino acid whose alpha-carboxylic acid group is ionized (non-protonated). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:139588 biolink:NamedThing alpha-hydroxy ketone An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15734 biolink:NamedThing primary alcohol A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:2571 biolink:NamedThing aliphatic alcohol An alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26878 biolink:NamedThing tertiary alcohol A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35681 biolink:NamedThing secondary alcohol A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52396 biolink:NamedThing alpha-oxyketone An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:139589 biolink:NamedThing retinoid anion A carboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any retinoid carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29067 biolink:NamedThing carboxylic acid anion The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33721 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate acid anion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35757 biolink:NamedThing monocarboxylic acid anion A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35903 biolink:NamedThing oxo carboxylic acid anion Any carboxylic acid anion containing at least one oxo group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38716 biolink:NamedThing carboxylic acid dianion Any dianion containing at least one carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50160 biolink:NamedThing steroid acid anion Any anion formed by loss of a proton from a steroid acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59874 biolink:NamedThing N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion A carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of an N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid arising from deprotonation of the C-1 carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59876 biolink:NamedThing N-acyl-D-alpha-amino acid anion The conjugate base of an N-acyl-D-alpha-amino acid arising from deprotonation of the C-1 carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:91007 biolink:NamedThing aromatic carboxylate A carboxylic acic anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any aromatic carboxylic acid. Major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:139592 biolink:NamedThing tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:140601 biolink:NamedThing fatty acid 4:0 Any saturated fatty acid containing 4 carbons. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26666 biolink:NamedThing short-chain fatty acid An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17418 biolink:NamedThing valeric acid A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30768 biolink:NamedThing propionic acid A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:140785 biolink:NamedThing R-cob(III)alamin MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23333 biolink:NamedThing cob(III)alamins MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24433 biolink:NamedThing group A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33246 biolink:NamedThing inorganic group Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33247 biolink:NamedThing organic group Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64766 biolink:NamedThing cationic group A group that carries an overall positive charge. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64767 biolink:NamedThing anionic group A group that carries an overall negative charge. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:142839 biolink:NamedThing enolate An organic anion arising from deprotonation of the hydroxy group of an enol. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25696 biolink:NamedThing organic anion Any organic ion with a net negative charge. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35604 biolink:NamedThing carbon oxoanion A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58945 biolink:NamedThing organophosphate oxoanion An organic phosphoric acid derivative in which one or more oxygen atoms of the phosphate group(s) has been deprotonated. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58958 biolink:NamedThing organosulfate oxoanion An organic anion of general formula RS(=O)2O(-) where R is an organyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59252 biolink:NamedThing linear tetrapyrrole anion An organic anion arising from deprotonation of a acyclic tetrapyrrole compound. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59561 biolink:NamedThing diamino acid anion An organic anion that is the conjugate base of diamino acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60345 biolink:NamedThing organic phosphoramidate anion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60531 biolink:NamedThing flavin(1-) Flavin protonated to pH 7.3 MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:71392 biolink:NamedThing tetracycline(1-) An organic anion that is the conjugate base of tetracycline obtained by deprotonation of the two enolic hydroxy groups and protonation of the tertiary amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:88190 biolink:NamedThing 2-oxido-5-methylquinone An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the hydroxy group of 2-hydroxy-5-methylquinone. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:143001 biolink:NamedThing GABAB receptor agonist MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51373 biolink:NamedThing GABA agonist A drug that binds to and activates gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:91016 biolink:NamedThing GABAA receptor agonist A GABA receptor agonist specific for GABAA receptors, ligand-gated ion channels (also known as ionotropic receptors). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32456 biolink:NamedThing cysteinate(1-) A sulfur-containing amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of cysteine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32457 biolink:NamedThing cysteinate(2-) MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32504 biolink:NamedThing phenylalaninate An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of phenylalanine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32563 biolink:NamedThing lysinate An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of lysine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32612 biolink:NamedThing isoleucinate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32627 biolink:NamedThing leucinate An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of leucine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32644 biolink:NamedThing methioninate A sulfur-containing amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of methionine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32695 biolink:NamedThing argininate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32784 biolink:NamedThing tyrosinate(1-) An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of tyrosine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32785 biolink:NamedThing tyrosinate(2-) MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32859 biolink:NamedThing valinate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32964 biolink:NamedThing ornithinate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59814 biolink:NamedThing L-alpha-amino acid anion Conjugate base of an L-alpha-amino acid arising from deprotonation of the C-1 carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60895 biolink:NamedThing D-alpha-amino acid anion Any alpha-amino acid anion in which the parent amino acid has D-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:66922 biolink:NamedThing citrullinate An alpha-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of citrulline, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:144644 biolink:NamedThing a tetracycline zwitterion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27902 biolink:NamedThing tetracycline A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:145515 biolink:NamedThing GABAA receptor antagonist MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:65259 biolink:NamedThing GABA antagonist A compound that inhibits the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:145810 biolink:NamedThing insulin A peptide hormone which consists of two polypeptide chains, A- and B- chains which are linked together by disulfide bonds. The amino acid sequence of insulin varies across species and certain segments of the molecule are highly conserved. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain consists of 30 amino acids. In mammals, insulin is synthesised in the pancreas within the beta cells whereas in certain species of fish, the insulin-producing tissue is uniquely located in separate structures called Brockmann bodies. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15841 biolink:NamedThing polypeptide A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16541 biolink:NamedThing protein polypeptide chain A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24533 biolink:NamedThing heterodetic cyclic peptide A heterodetic cyclic peptide is a peptide consisting only of amino-acid residues, but in which the linkages forming the ring are not solely peptide bonds; one or more is an isopeptide, disulfide, ester, or other bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25905 biolink:NamedThing peptide hormone Any peptide with hormonal activity in animals, whether endocrine, neuroendocrine, or paracrine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:147289 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor Any EC 3.4.17.* (metallocarboxypeptidase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:147290 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.4.17* (metallocarboxypeptidase) inhibitor Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that inhibits the action of a metallocarboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.17.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60258 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydrolase acting on peptide bonds (peptidase), EC 3.4.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37670 biolink:NamedThing protease inhibitor A compound which inhibits or antagonizes the biosynthesis or actions of proteases (endopeptidases). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50664 biolink:NamedThing matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76782 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of a peptidyl dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:149552 biolink:NamedThing emetic Any agent that induces nausea and vomiting. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23888 biolink:NamedThing drug Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:194430 biolink:NamedThing antimyopathic agent A drug used to treat myopathy. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35441 biolink:NamedThing antiinfective agent A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35470 biolink:NamedThing central nervous system drug A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35472 biolink:NamedThing anti-inflammatory drug A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35480 biolink:NamedThing analgesic An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35498 biolink:NamedThing diuretic An agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35523 biolink:NamedThing bronchodilator agent An agent that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35526 biolink:NamedThing hypoglycemic agent A drug which lowers the blood glucose level. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35610 biolink:NamedThing antineoplastic agent A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35679 biolink:NamedThing antilipemic drug A substance used to treat hyperlipidemia (an excess of lipids in the blood). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35842 biolink:NamedThing antirheumatic drug A drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35846 biolink:NamedThing renal agent A drug used for its effect on the kidneys' regulation of body fluid composition and volume. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35942 biolink:NamedThing neurotransmitter agent A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38867 biolink:NamedThing anaesthetic Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:47868 biolink:NamedThing photosensitizing agent A chemical compound that can be excited by light of a specific wavelength and subsequently transfer energy to a chosen reactant. This is commonly molecular oxygen within a cancer tissue, which is converted to (highly rective) singlet state oxygen. This rapidly reacts with any nearby biomolecules, ultimately killing the cancer cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48422 biolink:NamedThing angiogenesis inhibitor An agent and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:49167 biolink:NamedThing anti-asthmatic drug A drug used to treat asthma. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:49201 biolink:NamedThing anti-ulcer drug One of various classes of drugs with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50177 biolink:NamedThing dermatologic drug A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50248 biolink:NamedThing hematologic agent Drug that acts on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50266 biolink:NamedThing prodrug A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50267 biolink:NamedThing protective agent Synthetic or natural substance which is given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50689 biolink:NamedThing reproductive control drug A substance used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50733 biolink:NamedThing nutraceutical A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50739 biolink:NamedThing estrogen receptor modulator A substance that possess antiestrogenic actions but can also produce estrogenic effects as well. It acts as complete or partial agonist or as antagonist. It can be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50846 biolink:NamedThing immunomodulator Biologically active substance whose activity affects or plays a role in the functioning of the immune system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50857 biolink:NamedThing anti-allergic agent A drug used to treat allergic reactions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50919 biolink:NamedThing antiemetic A drug used to prevent nausea or vomiting. An antiemetic may act by a wide range of mechanisms: it might affect the medullary control centres (the vomiting centre and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) or affect the peripheral receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50926 biolink:NamedThing angiogenesis modulating agent An agent that modulates the physiologic angiogenesis process. This is accomplished by endogenous angiogenic proteins and a variety of other chemicals and pharmaceutical agents. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51372 biolink:NamedThing neuromuscular agent A drug used for its actions on skeletal muscle. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:55324 biolink:NamedThing gastrointestinal drug A drug used for its effects on the gastrointestinal system, e.g. controlling gastric acidity, regulating gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improving digestion. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:65265 biolink:NamedThing antacid Any substance which is used to neutralise stomach acidity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:66956 biolink:NamedThing antidyskinesia agent Any compound which can be used to treat or alleviate the symptoms of dyskinesia. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:66981 biolink:NamedThing ophthalmology drug Any compound used for the treatment of eye conditions or eye diseases. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:71031 biolink:NamedThing orphan drug Any drug that has been developed specifically for treatment of a rare medical condition, the condition itself being known as an orphan disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:73336 biolink:NamedThing vulnerary A drug used in treating and healing of wounds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:74783 biolink:NamedThing astringent A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76916 biolink:NamedThing hyperglycemic agent A drug which increases the blood glucose level. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:77034 biolink:NamedThing mucolytic A compound that alters the structure of mucus so as to decrease its viscosity and thereby facilitate its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. Compare with antitussives, which suppress the cough reflex, and expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:88188 biolink:NamedThing drug allergen Any drug which causes the onset of an allergic reaction. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:90710 biolink:NamedThing receptor modulator A drug that acts as an antagonist, agonist, reverse agonist, or in some other fashion when interacting with cellular receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15339 biolink:NamedThing acceptor A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51086 biolink:NamedThing chemical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17891 biolink:NamedThing donor A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22586 biolink:NamedThing antioxidant A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22695 biolink:NamedThing base A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35223 biolink:NamedThing catalyst A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37527 biolink:NamedThing acid An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52214 biolink:NamedThing ligand Any molecule or ion capable of binding to a central metal atom to form coordination complexes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:62803 biolink:NamedThing fuel additive Any additive that enhances the efficiency of fuel. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63046 biolink:NamedThing emulsifier The chemical role played by a substance that stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78298 biolink:NamedThing environmental contaminant Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36700 biolink:NamedThing phosphocholines Any compound having phosphocholine as part of its structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15356 biolink:NamedThing cysteine A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26167 biolink:NamedThing polar amino acid Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17822 biolink:NamedThing serine An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18186 biolink:NamedThing tyrosine An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18237 biolink:NamedThing glutamic acid An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25094 biolink:NamedThing lysine A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29016 biolink:NamedThing arginine An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26834 biolink:NamedThing sulfur-containing amino acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16811 biolink:NamedThing methionine A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33704 biolink:NamedThing alpha-amino acid An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15705 biolink:NamedThing L-alpha-amino acid Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25017 biolink:NamedThing leucine A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27266 biolink:NamedThing valine A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28044 biolink:NamedThing phenylalanine An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38264 biolink:NamedThing 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid A branched chain amino acid that consists of 3-methylpentanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83925 biolink:NamedThing non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid Any alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35179 biolink:NamedThing 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion An oxo monocarboxylic acid anion in which the oxo group is located at the 2-position. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26830 biolink:NamedThing sulfonium compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:156255 biolink:NamedThing S-adenosyl-D-methionine MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35282 biolink:NamedThing sulfonium betaine Neutral molecules having charge-separated forms with an sulfonium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15428 biolink:NamedThing glycine The simplest (and the only achiral) proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26650 biolink:NamedThing serine family amino acid An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from 3-phosphoglycerate (i.e. serine, glycine, cysteine and homocysteine). A closed class. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17115 biolink:NamedThing L-serine The L-enantiomer of serine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17561 biolink:NamedThing L-cysteine An optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35191 biolink:NamedThing triterpene A C30 terpene. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15693 biolink:NamedThing aldose Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35381 biolink:NamedThing monosaccharide Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18133 biolink:NamedThing hexose Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24963 biolink:NamedThing ketoaldonic acid Oxo carboxylic acids formally derived from aldonic acids by replacement of a secondary CHOH group by a carbonyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24978 biolink:NamedThing ketose Ketonic parent sugars (polyhydroxy ketones H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)[CH(OH)]mH) and their intramolecular hemiketals. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25901 biolink:NamedThing pentose A five-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldopentose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketopentose). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22718 biolink:NamedThing benzoates A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any benzoic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28868 biolink:NamedThing fatty acid anion The conjugate base of a fatty acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of the corresponding fatty acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35902 biolink:NamedThing oxo monocarboxylic acid anion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38181 biolink:NamedThing pyridinemonocarboxylate A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid. A 'closed class'. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:47811 biolink:NamedThing penamcarboxylate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57586 biolink:NamedThing biotinate Conjugate base of biotin arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:66924 biolink:NamedThing creatinate A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of creatine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15756 biolink:NamedThing hexadecanoic acid A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15904 biolink:NamedThing long-chain fatty acid A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16285 biolink:NamedThing phytanic acid A branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36005 biolink:NamedThing docosahexaenoic acid Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39418 biolink:NamedThing straight-chain saturated fatty acid Any saturated fatty acid lacking a side-chain. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30772 biolink:NamedThing butyric acid A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30776 biolink:NamedThing hexanoic acid A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15778 biolink:NamedThing N-acyl-D-amino acid Any N-acyl-amino acid in which the amino acid moiety has D configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51569 biolink:NamedThing N-acyl-amino acid A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of an amino acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:21575 biolink:NamedThing N-acetyl-amino acid An N-acyl-amino acid that has acetyl as the acyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:21644 biolink:NamedThing N-acyl-L-amino acid Any N-acylamino acid having L-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27470 biolink:NamedThing folic acid An N-acyl-amino acid that is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Its biologically active forms (tetrahydrofolate and others) are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and homocysteine remethylation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83812 biolink:NamedThing non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative Any derivative of a non-proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group or carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22823 biolink:NamedThing beta-alanine derivative MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16670 biolink:NamedThing peptide Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23449 biolink:NamedThing cyclic peptide MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33839 biolink:NamedThing macromolecule A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33694 biolink:NamedThing biomacromolecule A macromolecule formed by a living organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:53368 biolink:NamedThing ionic macromolecule A macromolecule containing ionic groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15852 biolink:NamedThing aquacob(III)alamin MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17439 biolink:NamedThing cyanocob(III)alamin A complex cob(III)alamin in which cobalt is positioned in the centre of a planar corrin tetrapyrrole ring and bound axially to a 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole moiety and a cyano group. It is one of several forms of the vitamin known as vitamin B12. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28115 biolink:NamedThing methylcobalamin MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15889 biolink:NamedThing sterol Any 3-hydroxy steroid whose skeleton is closely related to cholestan-3-ol (additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36835 biolink:NamedThing 3alpha-hydroxy steroid A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the alpha-position. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36836 biolink:NamedThing 3beta-hydroxy steroid A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the beta-position. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26607 biolink:NamedThing saturated fatty acid Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27208 biolink:NamedThing unsaturated fatty acid Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35819 biolink:NamedThing branched-chain fatty acid Any fatty acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents; a common component in animal and bacterial lipids. The fatty acyl chain is usually saturated and the substituent a methyl group; however, unsaturated BCFAs are found in marine animals, and branches other than methyl are found in microbial lipids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59202 biolink:NamedThing straight-chain fatty acid Any fatty acid whose skeletal carbon atoms form an unbranched open chain. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59554 biolink:NamedThing medium-chain fatty acid Any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15940 biolink:NamedThing nicotinic acid A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:176839 biolink:NamedThing vitamin B3 Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32544 biolink:NamedThing nicotinate A pyridinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of nicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26416 biolink:NamedThing pyridine alkaloid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15956 biolink:NamedThing biotin An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:176841 biolink:NamedThing vitamin B7 Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:15966 biolink:NamedThing D-glutamic acid An optically active form of glutamic acid having D-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16733 biolink:NamedThing D-alpha-amino acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16375 biolink:NamedThing D-cysteine An optically active form of cysteine having D-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16523 biolink:NamedThing D-serine The R-enantiomer of serine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16867 biolink:NamedThing D-methionine An optically active form of methionine having D-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16015 biolink:NamedThing L-glutamic acid An optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24318 biolink:NamedThing glutamine family amino acid An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16042 biolink:NamedThing halide anion A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33429 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic monoanion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:79389 biolink:NamedThing monovalent inorganic anion Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29337 biolink:NamedThing azanide MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39745 biolink:NamedThing dihydrogenphosphate A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16080 biolink:NamedThing gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid A gamma-amino acid comprising 4-aminobutyric acid having a 2-hydroxy substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33707 biolink:NamedThing gamma-amino acid A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35969 biolink:NamedThing 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that has a hydroxy group beta to the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:1722 biolink:NamedThing 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid Any 3beta-hydroxy-steroid that contains a double bond between positions 5 and 6. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35348 biolink:NamedThing 3beta-sterol A sterol in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has beta- configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35107 biolink:NamedThing azane Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37176 biolink:NamedThing mononuclear parent hydride MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29228 biolink:NamedThing hydrogen fluoride A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37395 biolink:NamedThing mucopolysaccharide Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37397 biolink:NamedThing chondroitin sulfate Any of a class of 10--60 kDa glycosaminoglycan sulfates, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60924 biolink:NamedThing keratan sulfate A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33482 biolink:NamedThing sulfur oxoanion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17359 biolink:NamedThing sulfite A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33543 biolink:NamedThing sulfonate The sulfur oxoanion formed by deprotonation of sulfonic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:45696 biolink:NamedThing hydrogensulfate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48154 biolink:NamedThing sulfur oxide MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:79388 biolink:NamedThing divalent inorganic anion Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29340 biolink:NamedThing hydridonitrate(2-) A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:43474 biolink:NamedThing hydrogenphosphate A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29347 biolink:NamedThing monocarboxylic acid amide A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64708 biolink:NamedThing one-carbon compound An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28616 biolink:NamedThing carbamic acid A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:3311 biolink:NamedThing calcium carbonate A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48376 biolink:NamedThing carbamimidic acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23982 biolink:NamedThing ethanols Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50584 biolink:NamedThing alkyl alcohol An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16247 biolink:NamedThing phospholipid A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18059 biolink:NamedThing lipid 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24913 biolink:NamedThing isoprenoid Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35741 biolink:NamedThing glycerolipid Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25703 biolink:NamedThing organic phosphate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64618 biolink:NamedThing phosphagen Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37734 biolink:NamedThing phosphoric ester MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39417 biolink:NamedThing branched-chain saturated fatty acid Any saturated fatty acid with a carbon side-chain or isopropyl termination. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:62499 biolink:NamedThing methyl-branched fatty acid Any branched-chain fatty acid containing methyl branches only. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:72813 biolink:NamedThing exopolysaccharide A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16359 biolink:NamedThing cholic acid A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16755 biolink:NamedThing chenodeoxycholic acid A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27114 biolink:NamedThing trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:3098 biolink:NamedThing bile acid Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36843 biolink:NamedThing 7alpha-hydroxy steroid A 7-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 7 has an alpha-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36846 biolink:NamedThing 12alpha-hydroxy steroid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46691 biolink:NamedThing 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:67273 biolink:NamedThing monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones Any 1,4-benzoquinone carrying a single hydroxy substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16643 biolink:NamedThing L-methionine The L-enantiomer of methionine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22658 biolink:NamedThing aspartate family amino acid An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-aspartic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (asparagine, lysine, methionine, threonine and isoleucine). A closed class. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16646 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78616 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:167559 biolink:NamedThing glycan Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63299 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate derivative Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37622 biolink:NamedThing carboxamide An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22160 biolink:NamedThing acetamides Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24995 biolink:NamedThing lactam Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32952 biolink:NamedThing amine A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33709 biolink:NamedThing amino acid A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33860 biolink:NamedThing aromatic amine An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50994 biolink:NamedThing primary amino compound A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50996 biolink:NamedThing tertiary amino compound A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl PR:000018263 biolink:NamedThing amino acid chain An organic amino compound that consists of amino acid residues (unmodified amino-acid residues and/or modified amino-acid residues) linked by peptide bonds or derivatives of such bonds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:166831 biolink:NamedThing copper chelator A chelator that is any compound containing a ligand (typically organic) which is able to form a bond to a central copper atom at two or more points. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38161 biolink:NamedThing chelator A ligand with two or more separate binding sites that can bind to a single metallic central atom, forming a chelate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38157 biolink:NamedThing iron chelator MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:77963 biolink:NamedThing sequestrant A food preservative that acts by chelating with metal cations (particularly those of copper, iron and nickel) that catalyse the oxidation of fats in food. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27242 biolink:NamedThing uridines MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16705 biolink:NamedThing 6-aminopenicillanic acid A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25865 biolink:NamedThing penicillanic acids MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17334 biolink:NamedThing penicillin Any member of the group of substituted penams containing two methyl substituents at position 2, a carboxylate substituent at position 3 and a carboxamido group at position 6. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37806 biolink:NamedThing penicillanic acid A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25340 biolink:NamedThing methylpyridines Any member of the class of pyridines that carries at least one methyl substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18405 biolink:NamedThing pyridoxal 5'-phosphate The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38182 biolink:NamedThing monohydroxypyridine A hydroxypyridine carrying a single hydroxy substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38196 biolink:NamedThing hydroxymethylpyridine Any member of the class of pyridines carrying a hydroxymethyl substituent at unspecified position. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22712 biolink:NamedThing benzenes Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22723 biolink:NamedThing benzoic acids Any aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of benzene in which at least a single hydrogen has been substituted by a carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27024 biolink:NamedThing toluenes Any member of the class of benzenes that is a substituted benzene in which the substituents include one (and only one) methyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38976 biolink:NamedThing alkylbenzene A monocyclic arene that is benzene substituted with one or more alkyl groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33842 biolink:NamedThing aromatic annulene MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46662 biolink:NamedThing mineral In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46723 biolink:NamedThing phosphate mineral MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18257 biolink:NamedThing ornithine An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23324 biolink:NamedThing citrullines MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23775 biolink:NamedThing dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid A hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid carrying two hydroxy groups at unspecified positions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24373 biolink:NamedThing glycine derivative A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glycine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24436 biolink:NamedThing guanidines Any organonitrogen compound containing a carbamimidamido (guanidino) group. Guanidines have the general structure (R(1)R(2)N)(R(3)R(4)N)C=N-R(5) and are related structurally to amidines and ureas. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16958 biolink:NamedThing beta-alanine A naturally-occurring beta-amino acid comprising propionic acid with the amino group in the 3-position. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33706 biolink:NamedThing beta-amino acid A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position beta to the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16990 biolink:NamedThing bilirubin IXalpha A member of the class of biladienes that is a linear tetrapyrrole with the dipyrrole units being of both exovinyl and endovinyl type. A product of heme degradation, it is produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the reduction of biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35692 biolink:NamedThing dicarboxylic acid Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28383 biolink:NamedThing alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36735 biolink:NamedThing biladienes Compounds based on a biladiene skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:16995 biolink:NamedThing oxalic acid An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17015 biolink:NamedThing riboflavin D-Ribitol in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is substituted by a 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl moiety. It is a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables, but the richest natural source is yeast. The free form occurs only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:176838 biolink:NamedThing vitamin B2 Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57986 biolink:NamedThing riboflavin(1-) An organic anion that is the conjugate base of riboflavin resulting from the removal of a proton from the nitrogen at position 3 (between the two carbonyl groups). Major microspecies at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30527 biolink:NamedThing flavin A derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17051 biolink:NamedThing fluoride MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36895 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic fluorine MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17062 biolink:NamedThing primary aliphatic amine MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32877 biolink:NamedThing primary amine A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydrocarbyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17089 biolink:NamedThing glycoprotein A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33837 biolink:NamedThing conjugated protein Conjugated protein is a protein that contains a non-peptide component, usually in stoichiometric proportion. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35724 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate sulfate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63161 biolink:NamedThing glycosyl compound A carbohydrate derivative arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to an oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulfur atom of a separate entity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63436 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate acid derivative A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a carbohydrate acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:65212 biolink:NamedThing polysaccharide derivative A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58951 biolink:NamedThing short-chain fatty acid anion Any fatty acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxy group of a short-chain fatty acid (chain length of less than C6). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78113 biolink:NamedThing fatty acid anion 3:0 Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 3 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78115 biolink:NamedThing fatty acid anion 4:0 Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 4 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58954 biolink:NamedThing straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion Any saturated fatty acid anion lacking a carbon side-chain. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78116 biolink:NamedThing fatty acid anion 6:0 Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 6 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22860 biolink:NamedThing amino-acid betaine Any amino acid-derived zwitterion - such as glycine betaine (N,N,N-trimethylammonioacetate) - in which the ammonium nitrogen carries methyl substituents and bears no hydrogen atoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33917 biolink:NamedThing aldohexose A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26051 biolink:NamedThing phosphoamino acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:173084 biolink:NamedThing ferroptosis inhibitor Any substance that inhibits the process of ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35222 biolink:NamedThing inhibitor A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:229668 biolink:NamedThing complement component 5 inhibitor Any inhibitor of complement component 5. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23924 biolink:NamedThing enzyme inhibitor A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:73273 biolink:NamedThing sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor Any inhibitor that interferes with the action of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:91025 biolink:NamedThing erythropoietin inhibitor Any inhibitor of erythropoietin, a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis (red blood cell production). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52206 biolink:NamedThing biochemical role A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:173085 biolink:NamedThing ferroptosis inducer Any substance that induces or promotes ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23357 biolink:NamedThing cofactor An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25212 biolink:NamedThing metabolite Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33229 biolink:NamedThing vitamin (role) A biochemical role played by any micronutrient that is an organic compound. Vitamins are present in foods in small amounts and are essential to normal metabolism and biochemical functions, usually as coenzymes. The term "vitamines" (from vita + amines) was coined in 1912 by Casimir Funk, who believed that these compounds were amines. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38187 biolink:NamedThing pyridinecarbaldehyde MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17522 biolink:NamedThing alditol A carbohydrate that is an acyclic polyol having the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nCH2OH (formally derivable from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl group). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18154 biolink:NamedThing polysaccharide A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33720 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50699 biolink:NamedThing oligosaccharide A compound in which monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. The term is commonly used to refer to a defined structure as opposed to a polymer of unspecified length or a homologous mixture. When the linkages are of other types the compounds are regarded as oligosaccharide analogues. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27136 biolink:NamedThing triol A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:41609 biolink:NamedThing carbonate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26432 biolink:NamedThing pyrimidine nucleobase A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from pyrimidine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38337 biolink:NamedThing pyrimidone A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:43254 biolink:NamedThing (4S)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38975 biolink:NamedThing methylbenzene Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35163 biolink:NamedThing cyclic carotene MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:176497 biolink:NamedThing geroprotector Any compound that supports healthy aging, slows the biological aging process, or extends lifespan. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50247 biolink:NamedThing antidote Any protective agent counteracting or neutralizing the action of poisons. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:62868 biolink:NamedThing hepatoprotective agent Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63726 biolink:NamedThing neuroprotective agent Any compound that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50523 biolink:NamedThing butenolide A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:176840 biolink:NamedThing vitamin B5 Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:176842 biolink:NamedThing vitamin B9 Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:176843 biolink:NamedThing vitamin B12 Any member of a group of cobalamin vitamers that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with low red blood cell count and anemia. The vitamers are found in foods such as cereals, meat, fish, and poultry. The vitamers include adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, aquacobalamin, nitritocobalamin and methylcobabalamin (also includes their ionized, salt and phosphate derivatives). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26948 biolink:NamedThing vitamin B1 Any member of the group of 1,3-thiazolium cations that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B1 deficiency in animals. Symptoms of vitamin B1 deficiency include constipation, loss of apetite, fatigue, nausea, delirium, blurry vision and muscle weakness. Severe vitamin B1 deficiency can also lead to a disease known as beriberi. Vitamin B1 consists of the vitamer thiamin and its acid, aldehyde and phosphorylated derivatives (and their corresponding ionized, salt and hydrate forms). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75782 biolink:NamedThing vitamin B complex A mixture containing all eight of the B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12). It is used as a dietary supplement and as a component of growth media for microorganisms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:62643 biolink:NamedThing anionic phospholipid Any organophosphate oxoanion that is a negatively charged phospholipid, e.g. phosphatidylserine(1-), phosphatidate(2-), phosphatidylglycerol(1-). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:177023 biolink:NamedThing somatostatin receptor agonist An agonist that binds to and activates somatostatin receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:70998 biolink:NamedThing G-protein-coupled receptor agonist An agonist that binds to and activates G-protein-coupled receptors MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17710 biolink:NamedThing (R)-mevalonic acid The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:194519 biolink:NamedThing 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising valeric acid having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 5-positions together with a methyl group at the 3-position. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28880 biolink:NamedThing (S)-mevalonic acid The (S)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24405 biolink:NamedThing glycosylglucose MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37324 biolink:NamedThing 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37323 biolink:NamedThing 7,8-dimethylisoalloxazine A 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione that is isoalloxazine substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:17855 biolink:NamedThing triglyceride Any glyceride resulting from the condensation of all three hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:47778 biolink:NamedThing glyceride Any ester resulting from the condensation of one or more of the hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76579 biolink:NamedThing triradylglycerol A glycerol compound having one of three possible substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at each of the three possible positions sn-1, sn-2 or sn-3. has functional parent glycerol (CHEBI:17754), children: triglyceride (CHEBI:17855). Parent: is_a glycerolipid (CHEBI:35741) MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24407 biolink:NamedThing glycosyl glycoside Any disaccharide in which the two monosaccharide components are connected by a glycosidic linkage between their anomeric centres. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50860 biolink:NamedThing organic molecular entity Any molecular entity that contains carbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25699 biolink:NamedThing organic ion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33245 biolink:NamedThing organic fundamental parent An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33285 biolink:NamedThing heteroorganic entity A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33653 biolink:NamedThing aliphatic compound Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64709 biolink:NamedThing organic acid Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78840 biolink:NamedThing olefinic compound Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18085 biolink:NamedThing glycosaminoglycan Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22506 biolink:NamedThing aminoglycan MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18139 biolink:NamedThing trimethylamine A tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an methyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25274 biolink:NamedThing methylamines MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32876 biolink:NamedThing tertiary amine A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18140 biolink:NamedThing hydrogen halide MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33695 biolink:NamedThing information biomacromolecule MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33856 biolink:NamedThing aromatic amino acid An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22495 biolink:NamedThing aminobenzoic acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18211 biolink:NamedThing citrulline The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33356 biolink:NamedThing iron group element atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18254 biolink:NamedThing ribonucleoside Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33838 biolink:NamedThing nucleoside An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26440 biolink:NamedThing pyrimidine nucleoside MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:47019 biolink:NamedThing dihydroxytetrahydrofuran MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18282 biolink:NamedThing nucleobase That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38101 biolink:NamedThing organonitrogen heterocyclic compound Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22728 biolink:NamedThing benzopyrrole MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25558 biolink:NamedThing organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26151 biolink:NamedThing piperidines MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26373 biolink:NamedThing pteridines MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26421 biolink:NamedThing pyridines Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35875 biolink:NamedThing imidazopyrimidine MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38077 biolink:NamedThing polypyrrole A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38295 biolink:NamedThing azabicycloalkane MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38313 biolink:NamedThing diazines Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38925 biolink:NamedThing benzopteridine MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50264 biolink:NamedThing thiazide Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:68452 biolink:NamedThing azole Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18310 biolink:NamedThing alkane An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24632 biolink:NamedThing hydrocarbon A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33663 biolink:NamedThing cyclic hydrocarbon MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35186 biolink:NamedThing terpene A hydrocarbon of biological origin having carbon skeleton formally derived from isoprene [CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2]. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18367 biolink:NamedThing phosphate(3-) A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:79387 biolink:NamedThing trivalent inorganic anion Any inorganic anion with a valency of three. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18790 biolink:NamedThing (S)-mevalonate The (S)-enantiomer of mevalonate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:18946 biolink:NamedThing delta-lactone A lactone having a six-membered lactone ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25000 biolink:NamedThing lactone Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37581 biolink:NamedThing gamma-lactone A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63944 biolink:NamedThing macrocyclic lactone Any lactone in which the cyclic carboxylic ester group forms a part of a cyclic macromolecule. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:190295 biolink:NamedThing inorganic calcium salt A calcium salt that lacks C-H bonds MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24839 biolink:NamedThing inorganic salt MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24840 biolink:NamedThing inorganic sulfate salt MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:194428 biolink:NamedThing (S)-mevalonolactone A 4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one that has (S)-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:67849 biolink:NamedThing (R)-mevalonolactone A 4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one that has (R)-configuration. It is a natural product found in Phomopsis archeri. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60911 biolink:NamedThing racemate A racemate is an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25350 biolink:NamedThing mevalonate A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35972 biolink:NamedThing dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid Any hydroxy monocarboxylic acid carrying at least two hydroxy groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:20664 biolink:NamedThing 5beta-cholane MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35519 biolink:NamedThing cholane MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:21501 biolink:NamedThing N-acetyl-D-amino acid An N-acetyl-amino acid having D-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:21545 biolink:NamedThing N-acetyl-L-amino acid An L-amino acid having an N-acetyl substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48927 biolink:NamedThing N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid Any L-alpha-amino acid carrying an N-acyl substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22195 biolink:NamedThing acetyl-amino acid Any amino acid derivative that is the N-acetyl or O-acetyl derivative of an amino acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22198 biolink:NamedThing acetylcysteine MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:21731 biolink:NamedThing N-glycosyl compound A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a nitrogen atom, thus creating a C-N bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35352 biolink:NamedThing organonitrogen compound Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26469 biolink:NamedThing quaternary nitrogen compound A nitrogen molecular entity that is electronically neutral but which contains a quaternary nitrogen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48378 biolink:NamedThing carboximidic acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83821 biolink:NamedThing amino acid derivative Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23509 biolink:NamedThing cysteine derivative An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of cysteine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing cysteine residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24315 biolink:NamedThing glutamic acid derivative An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing glutamic acid residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83811 biolink:NamedThing proteinogenic amino acid derivative Any derivative of a proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, or a side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83824 biolink:NamedThing L-cysteine derivative A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from the formal reaction of L-cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-cysteine by a heteroatom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22221 biolink:NamedThing acyl group An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33708 biolink:NamedThing amino-acid residue When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51446 biolink:NamedThing organic divalent group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51447 biolink:NamedThing organic univalent group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22313 biolink:NamedThing alkaline earth metal atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33318 biolink:NamedThing main group element atom An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22314 biolink:NamedThing alkali metal atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33560 biolink:NamedThing p-block element atom Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33521 biolink:NamedThing metal atom An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27081 biolink:NamedThing transition element atom An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33559 biolink:NamedThing s-block element atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22323 biolink:NamedThing alkyl group A univalent group -CnH2n+1 derived from an alkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from any carbon atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33248 biolink:NamedThing hydrocarbyl group A univalent group formed by removing a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22331 biolink:NamedThing alkylamines Any amine formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by alkyl groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35338 biolink:NamedThing amphetamines Amines that constitute a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22333 biolink:NamedThing alkylating agent Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25435 biolink:NamedThing mutagen An agent that increases the frequency of mutations above the normal background level, usually by interacting directly with DNA and causing it damage, including base substitution. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22494 biolink:NamedThing aminobenzoate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22563 biolink:NamedThing anion A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24870 biolink:NamedThing ion A molecular entity having a net electric charge. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24867 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic ion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36358 biolink:NamedThing polyatomic ion An ion consisting of more than one atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36914 biolink:NamedThing inorganic ion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36916 biolink:NamedThing cation A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22587 biolink:NamedThing antiviral agent A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33281 biolink:NamedThing antimicrobial agent A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33282 biolink:NamedThing antibacterial agent A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35718 biolink:NamedThing antifungal agent An antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36043 biolink:NamedThing antimicrobial drug A drug used to treat or prevent microbial infections. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48219 biolink:NamedThing disinfectant An antimicrobial agent that is applied to non-living objects to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:65256 biolink:NamedThing antimicrobial food preservative A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24961 biolink:NamedThing ketoaldonate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22652 biolink:NamedThing ascorbic acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83813 biolink:NamedThing proteinogenic amino acid Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33836 biolink:NamedThing benzenoid aromatic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51269 biolink:NamedThing acenes Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33859 biolink:NamedThing aromatic carboxylic acid Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22727 biolink:NamedThing benzopyran MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38104 biolink:NamedThing oxacycle Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24129 biolink:NamedThing furans Compounds containing at least one furan ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26407 biolink:NamedThing pyrans MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26912 biolink:NamedThing oxolanes Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38166 biolink:NamedThing organic heteropolycyclic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26979 biolink:NamedThing organic heterotricyclic compound An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27171 biolink:NamedThing organic heterobicyclic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35570 biolink:NamedThing mancude organic heterobicyclic parent MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35992 biolink:NamedThing penams Natural and synthetic antibiotics containing the 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one structure, generally assumed to have the 5R configuration unless otherwise specified. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38297 biolink:NamedThing thiabicycloalkane MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38311 biolink:NamedThing cephem MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50747 biolink:NamedThing thiochromane Any organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a thiopyran. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38180 biolink:NamedThing polycyclic heteroarene MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22744 biolink:NamedThing benzyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33452 biolink:NamedThing benzylic group Arylmethyl groups and derivatives formed by substitution: ArCR2-. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50325 biolink:NamedThing proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain group A univalent organyl group obtained by cleaving the bond from C-2 to the side chain of a proteinogenic amino-acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24712 biolink:NamedThing hydroxymethyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30353 biolink:NamedThing isopropyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30356 biolink:NamedThing isobutyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:45557 biolink:NamedThing sec-butyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50326 biolink:NamedThing sulfanylmethyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50329 biolink:NamedThing 2-carboxyethyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50336 biolink:NamedThing 4-hydroxybenzyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50339 biolink:NamedThing 4-aminobutyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50340 biolink:NamedThing 3-carbamimidamidopropyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35284 biolink:NamedThing ammonium betaine Any neutral molecule having charge-separated forms with a quaternary ammonium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38700 biolink:NamedThing organic sodium salt MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50144 biolink:NamedThing sodium pyruvate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22918 biolink:NamedThing branched-chain amino acid Any amino acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35987 biolink:NamedThing diamino acid Any amino acid carrying two amino groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83820 biolink:NamedThing non-proteinogenic amino acid Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32594 biolink:NamedThing barium atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:22985 biolink:NamedThing calcium molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33299 biolink:NamedThing alkaline earth molecular entity An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33513 biolink:NamedThing alkaline earth cation MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36364 biolink:NamedThing alkaline earth salt MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37133 biolink:NamedThing barium molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23004 biolink:NamedThing carbamoyl group The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27207 biolink:NamedThing univalent carboacyl group A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:42485 biolink:NamedThing formyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23016 biolink:NamedThing carbonates Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36963 biolink:NamedThing organooxygen compound An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26188 biolink:NamedThing polyketide Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35605 biolink:NamedThing carbon oxoacid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35701 biolink:NamedThing ester A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48589 biolink:NamedThing piperidones MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23018 biolink:NamedThing EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor An EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1). Such compounds reduce the secretion of H(+) ions by the proximal kidney tubule. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76907 biolink:NamedThing EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyases) inhibitor An EC 4.2.* (C-O lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydro-lyase (EC 4.2.1.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23019 biolink:NamedThing carbonyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51422 biolink:NamedThing organodiyl group Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23042 biolink:NamedThing carotene Hydrocarbon carotenoids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35193 biolink:NamedThing tetraterpene A C40 terpene. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26935 biolink:NamedThing tetraterpenoid Any terpenoid derived from a tetraterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C40 skeleton of the parent tetraterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23045 biolink:NamedThing carotenol MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23066 biolink:NamedThing cephalosporin A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23213 biolink:NamedThing choline ester MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26819 biolink:NamedThing sulfuric ester An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23230 biolink:NamedThing chromanes MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33224 biolink:NamedThing chromane A benzopyran consisting of a pyran ring having a benzene ring ortho-fused across positions 2 and 3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38443 biolink:NamedThing 1-benzopyran MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23334 biolink:NamedThing cobalamins MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27786 biolink:NamedThing hydroxocobalamin MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30411 biolink:NamedThing cobalamin A cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide that is cobalamin with the oxidation state of the central cobalt atom unspecified. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23341 biolink:NamedThing cobamides MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23390 biolink:NamedThing cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23354 biolink:NamedThing coenzyme A low-molecular-weight, non-protein organic compound participating in enzymatic reactions as dissociable acceptor or donor of chemical groups or electrons. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26348 biolink:NamedThing prosthetic group A tightly bound, specific nonpolypeptide unit in a protein determining and involved in its biological activity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23367 biolink:NamedThing molecular entity Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24431 biolink:NamedThing chemical entity A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33250 biolink:NamedThing atom A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59999 biolink:NamedThing chemical substance A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33906 biolink:NamedThing cobalt corrinoid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23443 biolink:NamedThing cyclic amide MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32988 biolink:NamedThing amide An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33256 biolink:NamedThing primary amide A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33257 biolink:NamedThing secondary amide A derivative of two oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which two acyl groups are attached to the amino or substituted amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23849 biolink:NamedThing diterpenoid Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26873 biolink:NamedThing terpenoid Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33295 biolink:NamedThing diagnostic agent A substance administered to aid diagnosis of a disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60809 biolink:NamedThing adjuvant Any pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents such as drugs or vaccines while having few if any direct effects when given by itself. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23905 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic anion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24834 biolink:NamedThing inorganic anion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33273 biolink:NamedThing polyatomic anion An anion consisting of more than one atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36830 biolink:NamedThing monoanion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23906 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic cation MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33702 biolink:NamedThing polyatomic cation A cation consisting of more than one atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36915 biolink:NamedThing inorganic cation MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:23990 biolink:NamedThing ethyl ester Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid with ethanol. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24020 biolink:NamedThing fat-soluble vitamin (role) Any vitamin that dissolves in fats and are stored in body tissues. Unlike the water-soluble vitamins, they are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27314 biolink:NamedThing water-soluble vitamin (role) Any vitamin that dissolves in water and readily absorbed into tissues for immediate use. Unlike the fat-soluble vitamins, they are not stored in the body and need to be replenished regularly in the diet and will rarely accumulate to toxic levels since they are quickly excreted from the body via urine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25693 biolink:NamedThing organic heteromonocyclic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24261 biolink:NamedThing glucocorticoid Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36699 biolink:NamedThing corticosteroid hormone Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24319 biolink:NamedThing EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor An EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76823 biolink:NamedThing EC 6.3.1.* (acid-ammonia/amine ligase) inhibitor An EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase (EC 6.3.1.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83982 biolink:NamedThing L-glutamic acid derivative A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-glutamic acid by a heteroatom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36233 biolink:NamedThing disaccharide A compound in which two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24432 biolink:NamedThing biological role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50906 biolink:NamedThing role A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24532 biolink:NamedThing organic heterocyclic compound A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33833 biolink:NamedThing heteroarene A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38106 biolink:NamedThing organosulfur heterocyclic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25710 biolink:NamedThing organophosphorus compound An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36962 biolink:NamedThing organochalcogen compound An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33598 biolink:NamedThing carbocyclic compound A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33659 biolink:NamedThing organic aromatic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51958 biolink:NamedThing organic polycyclic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:5686 biolink:NamedThing heterocyclic compound A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33670 biolink:NamedThing heteromonocyclic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33671 biolink:NamedThing heteropolycyclic compound A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33672 biolink:NamedThing heterobicyclic compound A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24621 biolink:NamedThing hormone Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33280 biolink:NamedThing molecular messenger MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25512 biolink:NamedThing neurotransmitter An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48705 biolink:NamedThing agonist Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64102 biolink:NamedThing AMPA receptor agonist An agonist that selectively binds to and activates AMPA receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64106 biolink:NamedThing protein kinase agonist An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a protein kinase receptor. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35507 biolink:NamedThing natural product fundamental parent MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35552 biolink:NamedThing heterocyclic organic fundamental parent MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35573 biolink:NamedThing organic mancude parent MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24651 biolink:NamedThing hydroxides Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25806 biolink:NamedThing oxygen molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25741 biolink:NamedThing oxide An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26523 biolink:NamedThing reactive oxygen species Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33608 biolink:NamedThing hydrogen molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33692 biolink:NamedThing hydrides Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37577 biolink:NamedThing heteroatomic molecular entity A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24866 biolink:NamedThing salt A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33240 biolink:NamedThing coordination entity An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33241 biolink:NamedThing oxoacid derivative MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50312 biolink:NamedThing onium compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36248 biolink:NamedThing 5beta-cholanic acids Members of the class of cholanic acids based on a 5beta-cholane skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36238 biolink:NamedThing 5beta-cholanic acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25754 biolink:NamedThing oxo carboxylic acid Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33576 biolink:NamedThing sulfur-containing carboxylic acid Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24745 biolink:NamedThing hydroxypyridine Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24782 biolink:NamedThing imide MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24835 biolink:NamedThing inorganic molecular entity A molecular entity that contains no carbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33259 biolink:NamedThing elemental molecular entity A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33497 biolink:NamedThing transition element molecular entity A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35568 biolink:NamedThing mancude ring Any molecular entity that consists of a ring having (formally) the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36357 biolink:NamedThing polyatomic entity Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl PR:000064867 biolink:NamedThing protein-containing molecular entity A molecular entity that minimally consists of a protein. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24836 biolink:NamedThing inorganic oxide MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33242 biolink:NamedThing inorganic hydride MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35406 biolink:NamedThing oxoanion An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24868 biolink:NamedThing organic salt MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35175 biolink:NamedThing sulfate salt MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35479 biolink:NamedThing alkali metal salt MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33238 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic entity A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24897 biolink:NamedThing isoindoles MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24898 biolink:NamedThing isoleucine A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:24973 biolink:NamedThing ketohexose Any hexose containing a single ketone group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25046 biolink:NamedThing linear tetrapyrrole MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26932 biolink:NamedThing tetrapyrrole A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36309 biolink:NamedThing cyclic tetrapyrrole MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25106 biolink:NamedThing macrolide A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25213 biolink:NamedThing metal cation MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25414 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic monocation MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30412 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic dication MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60242 biolink:NamedThing monovalent inorganic cation An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64641 biolink:NamedThing divalent inorganic cation An inorganic cation with a valency of two. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25367 biolink:NamedThing molecule Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50902 biolink:NamedThing genotoxin A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25585 biolink:NamedThing nonmetal atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33300 biolink:NamedThing pnictogen Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25681 biolink:NamedThing omega-3 fatty acid A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the omega-3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26020 biolink:NamedThing phosphate Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25704 biolink:NamedThing organic sulfate Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26820 biolink:NamedThing sulfates Salts and esters of sulfuric acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26082 biolink:NamedThing phosphorus molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33461 biolink:NamedThing phosphorus oxoanion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36360 biolink:NamedThing phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:25728 biolink:NamedThing osmolyte A solute used by a cell under water stress to maintain cell volume. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50188 biolink:NamedThing provitamin A substance that can be converted into a vitamin by animal tissues. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52208 biolink:NamedThing biophysical role MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52209 biolink:NamedThing aetiopathogenetic role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52210 biolink:NamedThing pharmacological role A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52211 biolink:NamedThing physiological role MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:53000 biolink:NamedThing epitope The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59174 biolink:NamedThing hapten Any substance capable of eliciting an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein. Examples include dinitrophenols; oligosaccharides; peptides; and heavy metals. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64909 biolink:NamedThing poison Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:2580 biolink:NamedThing unsaturated fatty acid anion Any fatty acid anion containing at least one C-C unsaturated bond; formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57560 biolink:NamedThing long-chain fatty acid anion A fatty acid anion with a chain length of C13 to C22. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58953 biolink:NamedThing saturated fatty acid anion Any fatty acid anion in which there is no C-C unsaturation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58955 biolink:NamedThing branched-chain fatty acid anion Any fatty acid anion with a carbon side-chain or isopropyl termination. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59203 biolink:NamedThing straight-chain fatty acid anion A fatty acid anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid functional group of a straight-chain fatty acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59558 biolink:NamedThing medium-chain fatty acid anion A fatty acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety of a medium-chain fatty acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76619 biolink:NamedThing omega-methyl fatty acid anion A fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any omega-methyl fatty acid; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83955 biolink:NamedThing 2-saturated fatty acid anion A fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any 2-saturated fatty acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33303 biolink:NamedThing chalcogen Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33304 biolink:NamedThing chalcogen molecular entity Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26835 biolink:NamedThing sulfur molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26079 biolink:NamedThing phosphoric acid derivative MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26078 biolink:NamedThing phosphoric acid A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59698 biolink:NamedThing phosphoric acids Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36359 biolink:NamedThing phosphorus oxoacid derivative MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33302 biolink:NamedThing pnictogen molecular entity A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33408 biolink:NamedThing pnictogen oxoacid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33459 biolink:NamedThing pnictogen oxoanion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35881 biolink:NamedThing pnictogen hydride MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51143 biolink:NamedThing nitrogen molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26130 biolink:NamedThing biological pigment An endogenous molecular entity that results in a colour of an organism as the consequence of the selective absorption of light. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38632 biolink:NamedThing membrane transport modulator Any agent that affects the transport of molecular entities across a biological membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:53339 biolink:NamedThing olefinic fatty acid Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C double bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38179 biolink:NamedThing monocyclic heteroarene MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:61120 biolink:NamedThing nucleobase-containing molecular entity Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26375 biolink:NamedThing pterins MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26401 biolink:NamedThing purines A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39447 biolink:NamedThing pyrimidines Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38338 biolink:NamedThing aminopyrimidine A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26712 biolink:NamedThing sodium molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33296 biolink:NamedThing alkali metal molecular entity A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26714 biolink:NamedThing sodium salt Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37246 biolink:NamedThing elemental sodium MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37826 biolink:NamedThing sulfuric acid derivative MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33261 biolink:NamedThing organosulfur compound An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33402 biolink:NamedThing sulfur oxoacid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33424 biolink:NamedThing sulfur oxoacid derivative MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:26836 biolink:NamedThing sulfuric acid A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29214 biolink:NamedThing sulfonic acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48854 biolink:NamedThing sulfurous acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:47882 biolink:NamedThing cyclic polypyrrole MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36688 biolink:NamedThing heterotricyclic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51959 biolink:NamedThing organic tricyclic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27027 biolink:NamedThing micronutrient Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33284 biolink:NamedThing nutrient A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33937 biolink:NamedThing macronutrient Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37838 biolink:NamedThing carboacyl group A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39446 biolink:NamedThing pyrimidine ribonucleosides MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33340 biolink:NamedThing zinc group element atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27364 biolink:NamedThing zinc molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33673 biolink:NamedThing zinc group molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27369 biolink:NamedThing zwitterion A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37445 biolink:NamedThing folic acids A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33306 biolink:NamedThing carbon group element atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27638 biolink:NamedThing cobalt atom A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33358 biolink:NamedThing cobalt group element atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35195 biolink:NamedThing surfactant A substance which lowers the surface tension of the medium in which it is dissolved, and/or the interfacial tension with other phases, and, accordingly, is positively adsorbed at the liquid/vapour and/or at other interfaces. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:27933 biolink:NamedThing beta-lactam antibiotic An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:86324 biolink:NamedThing quinolone antibiotic An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35627 biolink:NamedThing beta-lactam A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28976 biolink:NamedThing carbonic acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35106 biolink:NamedThing nitrogen hydride MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50313 biolink:NamedThing onium cation Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50314 biolink:NamedThing fluoronium MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:28939 biolink:NamedThing N-acetyl-L-cysteine An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36961 biolink:NamedThing chalcocarbonic acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29032 biolink:NamedThing (R)-pantothenate A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46905 biolink:NamedThing (R)-pantothenic acid A pantothenic acid having R-configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29057 biolink:NamedThing keratan MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35722 biolink:NamedThing sulfated glycosaminoglycan MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33485 biolink:NamedThing chalcogen oxoanion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33504 biolink:NamedThing alkali metal cation MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39123 biolink:NamedThing calcium cation MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60240 biolink:NamedThing divalent metal cation A metal cation with a valence of two. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29985 biolink:NamedThing L-glutamate(1-) An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of L-glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29986 biolink:NamedThing D-glutamate(1-) An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of D-glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:62501 biolink:NamedThing folate(2-) The dicarboxylic acid dianion formed from folic acid by loss of a proton from each of the two carboxy groups in the glutamic acid moiety. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29988 biolink:NamedThing L-glutamate(2-) An L-alpha-amino acid anion that is the dianion obtained by the deprotonation of the both the carboxy groups of L-glutamic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:29989 biolink:NamedThing D-glutamate(2-) MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32836 biolink:NamedThing L-serinate A serinate that is the conjugate base of L-serine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37326 biolink:NamedThing benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:30938 biolink:NamedThing 6-aminopenicillanate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51356 biolink:NamedThing penicillinate anion Any anion formed by loss of a proton from the carboxy group of a penicillin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32458 biolink:NamedThing cysteinium MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33719 biolink:NamedThing alpha-amino-acid cation MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32505 biolink:NamedThing phenylalaninium An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of phenylalanine, arising from protonation of the amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32564 biolink:NamedThing lysinium(1+) An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of lysine, having two cationic amino groups and an anionic carboxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32565 biolink:NamedThing lysinium(2+) An alpha-amino-acid cation obtained by protonation of both amino groups of lysine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32613 biolink:NamedThing isoleucinium MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32628 biolink:NamedThing leucinium An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of leucine, arising from protonation of the amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32646 biolink:NamedThing methioninium A sulfur-containing amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of methionine, arising from protonation of the amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32696 biolink:NamedThing argininium(1+) MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32697 biolink:NamedThing argininium(2+) MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32786 biolink:NamedThing tyrosinium An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of tyrosine, arising from protonation of the amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32860 biolink:NamedThing valinium MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46913 biolink:NamedThing ornithinium(2+) MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32600 biolink:NamedThing tetracene An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35297 biolink:NamedThing acene A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51270 biolink:NamedThing tetracenes Compounds containing a tetracene skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32816 biolink:NamedThing pyruvic acid A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35910 biolink:NamedThing 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid Any monocarboxylic acid having a 2-oxo substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32840 biolink:NamedThing D-serinate The D-enantiomer of serinate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32837 biolink:NamedThing L-serinium A serinium that is the conjugate acid of L-serine, obtained by protonation of the amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:32841 biolink:NamedThing D-serinium The D-enantiomer of serinium. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35274 biolink:NamedThing ammonium ion derivative A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48377 biolink:NamedThing imidic acid Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing =O by =NR; thus tautomers of amides. In organic chemistry an unspecified imidic acid is generally a carboximidic acid, RC(=NR)(OH). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35156 biolink:NamedThing calcium salt MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46721 biolink:NamedThing carbonate salt MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33231 biolink:NamedThing antitubercular agent A substance that kills or slows the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64912 biolink:NamedThing antimycobacterial drug A drug used to treat or prevent infections caused by Mycobacteria, a genus of actinobacteria. Aerobic and nonmotile, members of the genus include the pathogens responsible for causing tuberculosis and leprosy. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35816 biolink:NamedThing leprostatic drug A substance that suppresses Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorates the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduces the incidence and severity of leprous reactions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33233 biolink:NamedThing fundamental particle A particle not known to have substructure. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36342 biolink:NamedThing subatomic particle A particle smaller than an atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36340 biolink:NamedThing fermion Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36343 biolink:NamedThing composite particle A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36347 biolink:NamedThing nuclear particle A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78631 biolink:NamedThing chroman-6-ol A chromanol that is chromane in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a hydroxy group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33434 biolink:NamedThing elemental halogen MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37175 biolink:NamedThing organic hydride MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33249 biolink:NamedThing organyl group Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46883 biolink:NamedThing carboxy group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33252 biolink:NamedThing atomic nucleus A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33253 biolink:NamedThing nucleon Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36339 biolink:NamedThing baryon Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78295 biolink:NamedThing food component A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33287 biolink:NamedThing fertilizer A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33582 biolink:NamedThing carbon group molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33561 biolink:NamedThing d-block element atom MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33384 biolink:NamedThing L-serine zwitterion A serine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of L-serine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35243 biolink:NamedThing serine zwitterion An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of serine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35247 biolink:NamedThing D-serine zwitterion A serine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of D-serine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33484 biolink:NamedThing chalcogen oxoacid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33457 biolink:NamedThing phosphorus oxoacid A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39124 biolink:NamedThing calcium ion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33552 biolink:NamedThing sulfonic acid derivative MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35358 biolink:NamedThing sulfonamide An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33595 biolink:NamedThing cyclic compound Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33597 biolink:NamedThing homocyclic compound A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33635 biolink:NamedThing polycyclic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33636 biolink:NamedThing bicyclic compound A molecule that features two fused rings. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33655 biolink:NamedThing aromatic compound A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33661 biolink:NamedThing monocyclic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51026 biolink:NamedThing macrocycle A cyclic compound containing nine or more atoms as part of the cyclic system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35295 biolink:NamedThing homopolycyclic compound MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33637 biolink:NamedThing ortho-fused compound A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35293 biolink:NamedThing fused compound A polycyclic compound that contains more than one ring with at least two common atoms (also known as bridgehead carbons) that are adjacent to each other. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33658 biolink:NamedThing arene Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33664 biolink:NamedThing monocyclic hydrocarbon MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33666 biolink:NamedThing polycyclic hydrocarbon MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33662 biolink:NamedThing annulene A mancude monocyclic hydrocarbon without side chains of the general formula CnHn (n is an even number) or CnHn+1 (n is an odd number). In systematic nomenclature an annulene with seven or more carbon atoms may be named [n]annulene, where n is the number of carbon atoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35294 biolink:NamedThing carbopolycyclic compound A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33676 biolink:NamedThing d-block molecular entity A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33767 biolink:NamedThing cobalt group molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33861 biolink:NamedThing transition element coordination entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33700 biolink:NamedThing proteinogenic amino-acid residue MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33710 biolink:NamedThing alpha-amino-acid residue An amino-acid residue derived from an alpha-amino acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36080 biolink:NamedThing protein A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:47017 biolink:NamedThing tetrahydrofuranol MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33847 biolink:NamedThing monocyclic arene A monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33888 biolink:NamedThing cobalt molecular entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33890 biolink:NamedThing cobalt coordination entity MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33909 biolink:NamedThing metallotetrapyrrole MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33916 biolink:NamedThing aldopentose A pentose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:33942 biolink:NamedThing ribose Any aldopentose where the open-chain form has all the hydroxy groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. Occurrs in two enantiomeric forms, D- and L-ribose, of which only the former is found in nature. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35147 biolink:NamedThing (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35148 biolink:NamedThing (6'S)-beta,epsilon-carotene MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35155 biolink:NamedThing elemental calcium MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35190 biolink:NamedThing diterpene A C20 terpene. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35235 biolink:NamedThing L-cysteine zwitterion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35237 biolink:NamedThing cysteine zwitterion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35236 biolink:NamedThing D-cysteine zwitterion MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35238 biolink:NamedThing amino acid zwitterion The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57305 biolink:NamedThing glycine zwitterion An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of glycine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57630 biolink:NamedThing gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid zwitterion Zwitterionic form of gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57869 biolink:NamedThing 6-aminopenicillanic acid zwitterion Zwitterionic form of 6-aminopenicillanic acid arising from migration of a proton from the carboxy group to the 6-amino group; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57966 biolink:NamedThing beta-alanine zwitterion Zwitterionic form of beta-alanine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59871 biolink:NamedThing D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion Zwitterionic form of a D-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:62031 biolink:NamedThing polar amino acid zwitterion Zwitterionic form of a polar amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64558 biolink:NamedThing methionine zwitterion An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of methionine; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76042 biolink:NamedThing aromatic amino-acid zwitterion An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any aromatic amino-acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78608 biolink:NamedThing alpha-amino acid zwitterion An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35281 biolink:NamedThing onium betaine Neutral molecules having charge-separated forms with an onium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57947 biolink:NamedThing creatine zwitterion Zwitterionic form of creatine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the guanidino group; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60466 biolink:NamedThing peptide zwitterion Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:77932 biolink:NamedThing tetracycline zwitterion A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the 2-hydroxy group to the 1-amino group of tetracycline. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35296 biolink:NamedThing ortho-fused polycyclic arene MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35427 biolink:NamedThing ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35337 biolink:NamedThing central nervous system stimulant Any drug that enhances the activity of the central nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35471 biolink:NamedThing psychotropic drug A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35488 biolink:NamedThing central nervous system depressant A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35356 biolink:NamedThing dicarboximide An imide in which the two acyl substituents on nitrogen are carboacyl groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:47857 biolink:NamedThing ureas MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35442 biolink:NamedThing antiparasitic agent A substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48218 biolink:NamedThing antiseptic drug A substance used locally on humans and other animals to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity (cf. disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects, and antibiotics, which can be transported through the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria within the body). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:86327 biolink:NamedThing antifungal drug Any antifungal agent used to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35457 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor An EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35469 biolink:NamedThing antidepressant Antidepressants are mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35473 biolink:NamedThing tranquilizing drug A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought or behaviour. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35623 biolink:NamedThing anticonvulsant A drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35717 biolink:NamedThing sedative A central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35474 biolink:NamedThing anxiolytic drug Anxiolytic drugs are agents that alleviate anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35476 biolink:NamedThing antipsychotic agent Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35477 biolink:NamedThing antimanic drug Antimanic drugs are agents used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35475 biolink:NamedThing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug An anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35845 biolink:NamedThing gout suppressant A drug that increases uric acid excretion by the kidney (uricosuric drug), decreases uric acid production (antihyperuricemic), or alleviates the pain and inflammation of acute attacks of gout. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48706 biolink:NamedThing antagonist Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35481 biolink:NamedThing non-narcotic analgesic A drug that has principally analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35482 biolink:NamedThing opioid analgesic A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35497 biolink:NamedThing androgen antagonist A compound which inhibits or antagonises the biosynthesis or actions of androgens. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:49159 biolink:NamedThing leukotriene antagonist A drug designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50827 biolink:NamedThing antiparathyroid drug A drug used to treat hyperparathyroidism by reducing the excessive production of parathyroid hormones. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50837 biolink:NamedThing estrogen antagonist A compound which inhibits or antagonises the biosynthesis or actions of estrogens. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:61016 biolink:NamedThing angiotensin receptor antagonist A hormone antagonist that blocks angiotensin receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35516 biolink:NamedThing cholestane MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35522 biolink:NamedThing beta-adrenergic agonist An agent that selectively binds to and activates beta-adrenergic receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37886 biolink:NamedThing adrenergic agonist An agent that selectively binds to and activates adrenergic receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35569 biolink:NamedThing alpha-adrenergic agonist An agent that selectively binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48540 biolink:NamedThing beta-adrenergic drug Any of the drugs that act on beta-adrenergic receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35530 biolink:NamedThing beta-adrenergic antagonist An agent that binds to but does not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous beta-adrenergic agonists. beta-Adrenergic antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches and anxiety. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37887 biolink:NamedThing adrenergic antagonist An agent that binds to but does not activate adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37890 biolink:NamedThing alpha-adrenergic antagonist An agent that binds to but does not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous alpha-adrenergic agonists. alpha-Adrenergic antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48539 biolink:NamedThing alpha-adrenergic drug Any drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35571 biolink:NamedThing mancude organic heterocyclic parent MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35617 biolink:NamedThing flavouring agent A food additive that is used to added improve the taste or odour of a food. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64049 biolink:NamedThing food acidity regulator A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64577 biolink:NamedThing flour treatment agent A food additive which is added to flour or dough to improve baking quality and/or colour. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:65255 biolink:NamedThing food preservative Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:77182 biolink:NamedThing food colouring A food additive that imparts colour to food. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food colours are from E 100 to E 199, divided into yellows (E 100-109), oranges (E 110-119), reds (E 120-129), blues and violets (E 130-139), greens (E 140-149), browns and blacks (E 150-159), and others (E 160-199). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:77960 biolink:NamedThing food firming agent A food additive that is used to make or keep fruit or vegetable tissues firm and crisp. or which interacts with gelling agents such as pectin to produce or strengthen a gel. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78017 biolink:NamedThing food propellant A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35634 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor An EC 1.17.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76850 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.17.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor An EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitor that interferes with the function of any such enzyme that uses oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.17.3.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35640 biolink:NamedThing adrenergic uptake inhibitor Adrenergic uptake inhibitors are drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37962 biolink:NamedThing adrenergic agent Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35660 biolink:NamedThing HIV protease inhibitor An inhibitor of HIV protease, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64946 biolink:NamedThing anti-HIV agent An antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59886 biolink:NamedThing HIV fusion inhibitor A drug which interferes with the binding, fusion and entry of an HIV virion to a human cell. By blocking this step in HIV's replication cycle, such agents slow the progression from HIV infection to AIDS. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35664 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor Any EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that inhibits HMG-CoA reductases. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors have been shown to lower directly cholesterol synthesis. The Enzyme Commission designation is EC 1.1.1.34 for the NADPH-dependent enzyme and EC 1.1.1.88 for an NADH-dependent enzyme. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76835 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor An EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor that uses NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:77119 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase (EC 1.1.1.189). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35705 biolink:NamedThing immunosuppressive agent An agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50847 biolink:NamedThing immunological adjuvant A substance that augments, stimulates, activates, potentiates, or modulates the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35820 biolink:NamedThing antiprotozoal drug Any antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36044 biolink:NamedThing antiviral drug A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36047 biolink:NamedThing antibacterial drug A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35821 biolink:NamedThing anticholesteremic drug A substance used to lower plasma cholesterol levels. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:35841 biolink:NamedThing uricosuric drug A gout suppressant that acts directly on the renal tubule to increase the excretion of uric acid, thus reducing its concentrations in plasma. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:61355 biolink:NamedThing 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy group located beta- to the carboxylic acid group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48901 biolink:NamedThing thiazoles An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64952 biolink:NamedThing anti-HSV agent An antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus (also known as the human herpes virus). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:3992 biolink:NamedThing cyclic ketone MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36237 biolink:NamedThing cholanic acid A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37739 biolink:NamedThing glycerophospholipid Any glycerolipid having a phosphate group ester-linked to a terminal carbon of the glycerol backbone. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36333 biolink:NamedThing local anaesthetic Any member of a group of drugs that reversibly inhibit the propagation of signals along nerves. Wide variations in potency, stability, toxicity, water-solubility and duration of action determine the route used for administration, e.g. topical, intravenous, epidural or spinal block. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38869 biolink:NamedThing general anaesthetic Substance that produces loss of consciousness. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36344 biolink:NamedThing hadron Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36892 biolink:NamedThing elemental fluorine MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37253 biolink:NamedThing elemental zinc MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78060 biolink:NamedThing docosahexaenoate A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58956 biolink:NamedThing branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion Any saturated fatty acid anion with a carbon side-chain or isopropyl termination. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83972 biolink:NamedThing 3-methyl fatty acid anion A methyl-branched fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any 3-methyl fatty acid; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37325 biolink:NamedThing alloxazine MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37327 biolink:NamedThing isoalloxazine MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37334 biolink:NamedThing diagnostic imaging agent A substance administered to enhance contrast in images of the inside of the body obtained using X-rays, gamma-rays, sound waves, radio waves (MRI), or radioactive particles in order to diagnose disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37338 biolink:NamedThing radioopaque medium A substance having the property of absorbing, and therefore being opaque to, electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:67011 biolink:NamedThing folates An N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any folic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37733 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76773 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38462 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37956 biolink:NamedThing histamine antagonist Histamine antagonists are the drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37957 biolink:NamedThing histaminergic drug Drugs used for their actions on histaminergic systems. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38215 biolink:NamedThing calcium channel blocker One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48561 biolink:NamedThing dopaminergic antagonist A drug that binds to but does not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60798 biolink:NamedThing excitatory amino acid antagonist Any substance which inhibits the action of receptors for excitatory amino acids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63963 biolink:NamedThing metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist An antagonist at the metabotropic glutamate receptor. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:71014 biolink:NamedThing AMPA receptor antagonist An antagonist at the AMPA receptor. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:91079 biolink:NamedThing purinergic receptor P2 antagonist An antagonist at purinergic P2 receptors MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38323 biolink:NamedThing cholinergic drug Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48278 biolink:NamedThing serotonergic drug MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48560 biolink:NamedThing dopaminergic agent A drug used for its effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50103 biolink:NamedThing excitatory amino acid agonist An agent that binds to and activates excitatory amino acid receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51374 biolink:NamedThing GABA agent A substance, such as agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function, used for its pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:37963 biolink:NamedThing pyranone Any of a class of cyclic chemical compounds that contain an unsaturated six-membered ring with one ring oxygen atom and an oxo substituent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:49104 biolink:NamedThing heteroarenecarbaldehyde An aldehyde in which a formyl group is located on a heteroarene. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38808 biolink:NamedThing calcium channel modulator A membrane transport modulator that is able to regulate intracellular calcium levels. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76815 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitor An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38317 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor An EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76837 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 O atoms) inhibitor An EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitor that inhibits the action of any oxidoreductase incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38324 biolink:NamedThing cholinergic agonist Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48873 biolink:NamedThing cholinergic antagonist Any drug that binds to but does not activate cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38325 biolink:NamedThing muscarinic agonist Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:47958 biolink:NamedThing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38418 biolink:NamedThing 1,3-thiazoles MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38623 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor An EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76861 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor An EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.4.3.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38633 biolink:NamedThing sodium channel blocker An agent that inhibits sodium influx through cell membranes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39000 biolink:NamedThing sodium channel modulator MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38793 biolink:NamedThing pteroate MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38796 biolink:NamedThing pteroates MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38794 biolink:NamedThing pteroic acid MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50268 biolink:NamedThing GABA modulator A substance that does not act as agonist or antagonist but does affect the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which benzodiazepines act by increasing the opening frequency of gamma-aminobutyric acid-activated chloride channels; a site at which barbiturates act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50510 biolink:NamedThing potassium channel modulator MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38870 biolink:NamedThing inhalation anaesthetic MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:38877 biolink:NamedThing intravenous anaesthetic MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39144 biolink:NamedThing Lewis base A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39142 biolink:NamedThing Bronsted base A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:39456 biolink:NamedThing antiglaucoma drug Any drug which can be used to prevent or alleviate glaucoma, a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged, resulting in progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often, though not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52395 biolink:NamedThing oxyketone A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:43176 biolink:NamedThing hydroxy group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46629 biolink:NamedThing oxo group MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:43799 biolink:NamedThing butan-1-amine A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:46245 biolink:NamedThing coenzyme Q10 A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60004 biolink:NamedThing mixture A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:7916 biolink:NamedThing pantothenic acid A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48001 biolink:NamedThing protein synthesis inhibitor A compound, usually an anti-bacterial agent or a toxin, which inhibits the synthesis of a protein. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76932 biolink:NamedThing pathway inhibitor An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with one or more steps in a metabolic pathway. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48354 biolink:NamedThing polar solvent A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48355 biolink:NamedThing non-polar solvent MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48359 biolink:NamedThing protophilic solvent Solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) acceptor. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48360 biolink:NamedThing amphiprotic solvent Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48379 biolink:NamedThing isourea A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48407 biolink:NamedThing antiparkinson drug A drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48425 biolink:NamedThing topical anaesthetic A local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51039 biolink:NamedThing dopamine uptake inhibitor A dopaminergic agent that blocks the transport of dopamine into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the adrenergic uptake inhibitors also inhibit dopamine uptake. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48578 biolink:NamedThing radical scavenger A role played by a substance that can react readily with, and thereby eliminate, radicals. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:77962 biolink:NamedThing food antioxidant An antioxidant that used as a food additives to help guard against food deterioration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48876 biolink:NamedThing muscarinic antagonist A drug that binds to but does not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous agonists. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48878 biolink:NamedThing nicotinic antagonist An antagonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptor. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50370 biolink:NamedThing parasympatholytic Any cholinergic antagonist that inhibits the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the muscarinic antagonists. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:48937 biolink:NamedThing phytane MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:49103 biolink:NamedThing drug metabolite MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76967 biolink:NamedThing human xenobiotic metabolite Any human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:49323 biolink:NamedThing contraceptive drug A chemical substance that prevents or reduces the probability of conception. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50691 biolink:NamedThing abortifacient A chemical substance that interrupts pregnancy after implantation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:66993 biolink:NamedThing tocolytic agent Any compound used to suppress premature labour and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:49324 biolink:NamedThing female contraceptive drug A chemical substance or agent with contraceptive activity in females. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:49325 biolink:NamedThing oral contraceptive A compound, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50176 biolink:NamedThing keratolytic drug A drug that softens, separates, and causes desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin. Keratolytic drugs are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50249 biolink:NamedThing anticoagulant An agent that prevents blood clotting. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50427 biolink:NamedThing platelet aggregation inhibitor A drug or agent which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50265 biolink:NamedThing benzothiadiazine Heterocyclic compound of a ring with sulfur and two nitrogen atoms fused to a benzene ring. Members inhibit sodium-potassium-chloride symporters and are used as diuretics. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50505 biolink:NamedThing sweetening agent Substance that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50509 biolink:NamedThing potassium channel blocker An agent that inhibits cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50790 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor An EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor which interferes with the action of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14) and so reduces production of estrogenic steroid hormones. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76838 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme incorporating one atom of oxygen and using reduced flavin or flavoprotein as donor (EC 1.14.14.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50903 biolink:NamedThing carcinogenic agent A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50904 biolink:NamedThing allergen A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50905 biolink:NamedThing teratogenic agent A role played by a chemical compound in biological systems with adverse consequences in embryo developments, leading to birth defects, embryo death or altered development, growth retardation and functional defect. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50910 biolink:NamedThing neurotoxin A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:50949 biolink:NamedThing serotonin uptake inhibitor A compound that specifically inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This increases the serotonin concentration in the synaptic cleft which then activates serotonin receptors to a greater extent. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51371 biolink:NamedThing muscle relaxant A drug used to produce muscle relaxation (excepting neuromuscular blocking agents). Its primary clinical and therapeutic use is the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. Also used for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in multiple sclerosis. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52254 biolink:NamedThing apatite A phosphate mineral with the general formula Ca5(PO4)3X where X = OH, F or Cl. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:52255 biolink:NamedThing hydroxylapatite A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:53309 biolink:NamedThing polyanionic macromolecule A polymer carrying multiple negative charges. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:55323 biolink:NamedThing antidiarrhoeal drug Any drug found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhoea. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57844 biolink:NamedThing L-methionine zwitterion Zwitterionic form of L-methionine having a anionic carboxy group and a cationic amino group; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:57932 biolink:NamedThing D-methionine zwitterion Zwitterionic form of D-methionine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58001 biolink:NamedThing primary aliphatic ammonium ion The conjugate acid of a primary aliphatic amine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58496 biolink:NamedThing N-acetyl-D-amino acid anion The conjugate base of an N-acetyl-D-amino acid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:58942 biolink:NamedThing cationic amino-acid residue An amino-acid residue protonated on nitrogen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64769 biolink:NamedThing organic cationic group A cationic group that contains carbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78123 biolink:NamedThing fatty acid anion 16:0 Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 16 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:67013 biolink:NamedThing methyl-branched fatty acid anion Any branched-chain fatty acid anion containing methyl branches only. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:597326 biolink:NamedThing pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(2-) The dianion resulting from the removal of two protons from the phosphate group of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59740 biolink:NamedThing nucleophilic reagent A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:59869 biolink:NamedThing L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion Zwitterionic form of an L-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60027 biolink:NamedThing polymer A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:61995 biolink:NamedThing lecithin A lipid-rich mixture containing glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and other components. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60164 biolink:NamedThing ionic polymer An ionic polymer is a polymer, composed of ionic macromolecules. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76759 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76760 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76764 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60311 biolink:NamedThing thyroid hormone Any hormone produced by the thyroid gland MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:60643 biolink:NamedThing NMDA receptor antagonist Any substance that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:61115 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the function of histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76807 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:77941 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:84264 biolink:NamedThing EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of nicotinamidase (EC 3.5.1.19). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:74947 biolink:NamedThing 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:63674 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor An EC 2.6.1.* (transaminase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76879 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.6.1.* (transaminase) inhibitor An EC 2.6.* (nitrogenous group transferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of any transaminase (EC 2.6.1.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64018 biolink:NamedThing protein kinase C agonist An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a protein kinase C receptor MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64133 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein farnesyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.58), one of the three enzymes in the prenyltransferase group. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76663 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the transfer of an alkyl (other than methyl) or aryl group (EC 2.5.1.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64570 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor An EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76874 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitor An EC 2.1.* (C1-transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase (EC 2.1.2.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64571 biolink:NamedThing NMDA receptor agonist An excitatory amino acid agonist which binds to NMDA receptors and triggers a response. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64775 biolink:NamedThing organic anionic group An anionic group that contains carbon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64898 biolink:NamedThing anionic amino-acid residue An amino-acid residue carrying an overall negative charge. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64953 biolink:NamedThing anti-HSV-1 agent An anti-HSV agent agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus-1. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:64954 biolink:NamedThing anti-HSV-2 agent An anti-HSV agent agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus-2. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:65190 biolink:NamedThing first generation antipsychotic Antipsychotic drugs which can have different modes of action but which tend to be more likely than second generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements; such body movements can become permanent even after treatment has ceased. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:65191 biolink:NamedThing second generation antipsychotic Antipsychotic drugs which can have different modes of action but which tend to be less likely than first generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:67200 biolink:NamedThing provitamin A A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:68563 biolink:NamedThing P2Y12 receptor antagonist An antagonist at the P2Y12 receptor MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:71300 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.* (transferase) inhibitor An enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the action of a transferase (EC 2.*) MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75603 biolink:NamedThing EC 6.* (ligase) inhibitor Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a ligase (EC 6.*.*.*). Ligases are enzymes that catalyse the joining of two molecules with concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76710 biolink:NamedThing EC 4.* (lyase) inhibitor An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of a lyase (EC 4.*.*.*). Lyases are enzymes cleaving C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76725 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:72571 biolink:NamedThing pro-angiogenic agent Any compound that promotes the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:74529 biolink:NamedThing antidote to paracetamol poisoning A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralize the deleterious effects of paracetamol (acetaminophen). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:74530 biolink:NamedThing antidote to curare poisoning A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralize the deleterious effects of curare. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:90749 biolink:NamedThing antidote to cyanide poisoning A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralize the deleterious effects of cyanide. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:82851 biolink:NamedThing phthalimides A dicarboximide that is phthalimide or derivatives obtained from it by the formal replacement of one or more hydrogens. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75600 biolink:NamedThing EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor A ligase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75763 biolink:NamedThing eukaryotic metabolite Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75787 biolink:NamedThing prokaryotic metabolite Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76206 biolink:NamedThing xenobiotic metabolite Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76507 biolink:NamedThing marine metabolite Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in marine macro- and microorganisms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:78675 biolink:NamedThing fundamental metabolite Any metabolite produced by all living cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75767 biolink:NamedThing animal metabolite Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76924 biolink:NamedThing plant metabolite Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76946 biolink:NamedThing fungal metabolite Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:84735 biolink:NamedThing algal metabolite Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75768 biolink:NamedThing mammalian metabolite Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83039 biolink:NamedThing crustacean metabolite An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75771 biolink:NamedThing mouse metabolite Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:77746 biolink:NamedThing human metabolite Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75772 biolink:NamedThing Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:75885 biolink:NamedThing 2-pyranones A pyranone based on the structure of 2H-pyran-2-one and its substituted derivatives. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76567 biolink:NamedThing polyunsaturated fatty acid anion Any unsaturated fatty acid anion containing more than one C-C unsaturated bond. Major species at pH 7.3. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76655 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.1.* (C1-transferase) inhibitor A transferase inhibitor inhibiting the action of transferase of a one-carbon-containing group (EC 2.1.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76665 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.6.* (nitrogenous group transferase) inhibitor A transferase inhibitor that inhibits a nitrogenous group transferase (EC 2.6.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76668 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the action of a phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76834 biolink:NamedThing EC 2.5.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor An EC 2.5.* (transferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of any transferase that transfers an alkyl (other than methyl) or aryl group (EC 2.5.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76712 biolink:NamedThing EC 4.2.* (C-O lyase) inhibitor A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C-O lyase (EC 4.2.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76713 biolink:NamedThing EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitor A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76726 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-OH group of donors (EC 1.1.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76730 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors (EC 1.4.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76740 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitor An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases), EC 1.13.*.*. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76741 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors (EC 1.14.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76744 biolink:NamedThing EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitor An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:76832 biolink:NamedThing EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitor An EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:84087 biolink:NamedThing human urinary metabolite Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human urine samples. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:85234 biolink:NamedThing human blood serum metabolite Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human blood serum samples. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:77608 biolink:NamedThing loop diuretic A diuretic that acts on the ascending loop of Henle in the kidney. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:77703 biolink:NamedThing EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor An EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3). MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:81667 biolink:NamedThing 2-hydroxy-5-methylquinone A member of the class of monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone carrying an additional methyl substituent at position 5. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83038 biolink:NamedThing Daphnia galeata metabolite A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia galeata. MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83057 biolink:NamedThing Daphnia metabolite A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia MAXO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:83056 biolink:NamedThing Daphnia magna metabolite A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000000 biolink:NamedThing cell A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000061 biolink:NamedThing anatomical structure Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000045 biolink:NamedThing ganglion A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000467 biolink:NamedThing anatomical system Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000476 biolink:NamedThing acellular anatomical structure Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0003037 biolink:NamedThing septum A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0003102 biolink:NamedThing surface structure Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004119 biolink:NamedThing endoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004120 biolink:NamedThing mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004121 biolink:NamedThing ectoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004716 biolink:NamedThing conceptus The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005090 biolink:NamedThing muscle structure Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005162 biolink:NamedThing multi cell part structure A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005389 biolink:NamedThing transparent eye structure A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0007651 biolink:NamedThing anatomical junction An anatomical structure that connects two structures. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0009856 biolink:NamedThing sac MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0010000 biolink:NamedThing multicellular anatomical structure An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0010314 biolink:NamedThing structure with developmental contribution from neural crest An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0011585 biolink:NamedThing cell condensation Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0015212 biolink:NamedThing lateral structure Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0018254 biolink:NamedThing skeletal musculature MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0034768 biolink:NamedThing morphological feature A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000006 biolink:NamedThing neuronal receptor cell Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000101 biolink:NamedThing sensory neuron Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000197 biolink:NamedThing sensory receptor cell A cell that is capable of detection of a stimulus involved in sensory perception. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000206 biolink:NamedThing chemoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000007 biolink:NamedThing early embryonic cell (metazoa) A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002321 biolink:NamedThing embryonic cell (metazoa) A cell of the embryo. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000221 biolink:NamedThing ectodermal cell A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000222 biolink:NamedThing mesodermal cell A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000223 biolink:NamedThing endodermal cell A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0011012 biolink:NamedThing neural crest cell A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000008 biolink:NamedThing migratory cranial neural crest cell Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000333 biolink:NamedThing migratory neural crest cell A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000015 biolink:NamedThing male germ cell A germ cell that supports male gamete production. In some species, non-germ cells known as Sertoli cells also play a role in spermatogenesis. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000586 biolink:NamedThing germ cell The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000021 biolink:NamedThing female germ cell Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000300 biolink:NamedThing gamete A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000017 biolink:NamedThing spermatocyte A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000018 biolink:NamedThing spermatid A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000020 biolink:NamedThing spermatogonium An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000408 biolink:NamedThing male gamete Any male germ cell that has characteristic some haploid and is capable of some fertilization. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000413 biolink:NamedThing haploid cell A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000657 biolink:NamedThing secondary spermatocyte One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000019 biolink:NamedThing sperm A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000023 biolink:NamedThing oocyte A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000255 biolink:NamedThing eukaryotic cell Any cell that only exists in Eukaryota. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000031 biolink:NamedThing neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000365 biolink:NamedThing animal zygote Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000518 biolink:NamedThing phagocyte (sensu Vertebrata) A phagocyte in vertebrates that is able to phagocytosis. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000738 biolink:NamedThing leukocyte An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000029 biolink:NamedThing neural crest derived neuron Any neuron that develops from some migratory neural crest cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000540 biolink:NamedThing neuron The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000099 biolink:NamedThing interneuron Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000117 biolink:NamedThing CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000526 biolink:NamedThing afferent neuron A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000527 biolink:NamedThing efferent neuron A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:2000029 biolink:NamedThing central nervous system neuron Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000055 biolink:NamedThing non-terminally differentiated cell A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000058 biolink:NamedThing chondroblast Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000060 biolink:NamedThing odontoblast Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000680 biolink:NamedThing muscle precursor cell A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0007000 biolink:NamedThing preameloblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0007002 biolink:NamedThing precementoblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0007003 biolink:NamedThing preodontoblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0007009 biolink:NamedThing prechondroblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000034 biolink:NamedThing stem cell A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0011115 biolink:NamedThing precursor cell A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0011026 biolink:NamedThing progenitor cell A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000037 biolink:NamedThing hematopoietic stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000723 biolink:NamedThing somatic stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000052 biolink:NamedThing totipotent stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0008001 biolink:NamedThing hematopoietic precursor cell Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000837 biolink:NamedThing hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002031 biolink:NamedThing hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002032 biolink:NamedThing hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000050 biolink:NamedThing megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000051 biolink:NamedThing common lymphoid progenitor A oligopotent progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000515 biolink:NamedThing skeletal muscle myoblast A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000557 biolink:NamedThing granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is committed to the granulocyte and monocyte lineages. These cells are CD123-positive, and do not express Gata1 or Gata2 but do express C/EBPa, and Pu.1. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000566 biolink:NamedThing angioblastic mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000765 biolink:NamedThing erythroblast A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000838 biolink:NamedThing lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell A progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000839 biolink:NamedThing myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002676 biolink:NamedThing neural crest derived neuroblast A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000038 biolink:NamedThing erythroid progenitor cell A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000764 biolink:NamedThing erythroid lineage cell A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000232 biolink:NamedThing erythrocyte A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000547 biolink:NamedThing proerythroblast An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000558 biolink:NamedThing reticulocyte An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000553 biolink:NamedThing megakaryocyte progenitor cell The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000831 biolink:NamedThing mast cell progenitor A progenitor cell of the mast cell lineage. Markers for this cell are FceRIa-low, CD117-positive, CD9-positive, T1/ST2-positive, SCA1-negative, and lineage-negative. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002191 biolink:NamedThing granulocytopoietic cell A cell involved in the formation of a granulocyte. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000039 biolink:NamedThing germ line cell A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000064 biolink:NamedThing ciliated cell A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000066 biolink:NamedThing epithelial cell A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000151 biolink:NamedThing secretory cell A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000183 biolink:NamedThing contractile cell A cell whose primary function is to shorten. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000188 biolink:NamedThing cell of skeletal muscle A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000211 biolink:NamedThing electrically active cell A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000215 biolink:NamedThing barrier cell A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000219 biolink:NamedThing motile cell A cell that moves by its own activities. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000225 biolink:NamedThing anucleate cell A cell that lacks a nucleus. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000293 biolink:NamedThing structural cell A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000325 biolink:NamedThing stuff accumulating cell A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000329 biolink:NamedThing oxygen accumulating cell Any cell that is capable of some oxygen transport. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000349 biolink:NamedThing extraembryonic cell Any cell that is part of some extraembryonic structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000412 biolink:NamedThing polyploid cell A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000473 biolink:NamedThing defensive cell A cell whose primary function is to protect the organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000630 biolink:NamedThing supporting cell A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000988 biolink:NamedThing hematopoietic cell A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0001035 biolink:NamedThing bone cell A connective tissue cell found in bone. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002242 biolink:NamedThing nucleate cell A cell containing at least one nucleus. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002319 biolink:NamedThing neural cell A cell that is part of the nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002320 biolink:NamedThing connective tissue cell A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002494 biolink:NamedThing cardiocyte A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0007001 biolink:NamedThing skeletogenic cell Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0010017 biolink:NamedThing zygote A zygote in a plant or an animal. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1000497 biolink:NamedThing kidney cell A cell that is part of a kidney. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000048 biolink:NamedThing multi fate stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000049 biolink:NamedThing common myeloid progenitor A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0001060 biolink:NamedThing hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell, lineage-negative A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000763 biolink:NamedThing myeloid cell A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000233 biolink:NamedThing platelet A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000556 biolink:NamedThing megakaryocyte A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000766 biolink:NamedThing myeloid leukocyte A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002028 biolink:NamedThing basophil mast progenitor cell A cell type that can give rise to basophil and mast cells. This cell is CD34-positive, CD117-positive, CD125-positive, FceRIa-negative, and T1/ST2-negative, and expresses Gata-1, Gata-2, C/EBPa MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000056 biolink:NamedThing myoblast A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000057 biolink:NamedThing fibroblast A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000134 biolink:NamedThing mesenchymal stem cell A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000136 biolink:NamedThing adipocyte A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000499 biolink:NamedThing stromal cell A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002148 biolink:NamedThing dental pulp cell A cell found within the dental pulp. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000059 biolink:NamedThing ameloblast Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000146 biolink:NamedThing simple columnar epithelial cell MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000150 biolink:NamedThing glandular epithelial cell A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000152 biolink:NamedThing exocrine cell A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000154 biolink:NamedThing protein secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some protein secretion. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000159 biolink:NamedThing seromucus secreting cell MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000163 biolink:NamedThing endocrine cell A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000167 biolink:NamedThing peptide hormone secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some peptide hormone secretion. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000438 biolink:NamedThing luteinizing hormone secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell pituitary that produces luteinizing hormone. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000447 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate secreting cell MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000457 biolink:NamedThing biogenic amine secreting cell MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000512 biolink:NamedThing paracrine cell A paracrine cell is a secretory cell that secretes an agonist into intercellular spaces in which it diffuses to a target cell other than that which produced it. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002077 biolink:NamedThing ecto-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000710 biolink:NamedThing neurecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002159 biolink:NamedThing general ecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000165 biolink:NamedThing neuroendocrine cell A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000652 biolink:NamedThing pinealocyte This cell type produces and secretes melatonin and forms the pineal parenchyma. Extending from each cell body, which has a spherical, oval or lobulated mucleus, are one or more tortuous basophilic processes, containing parallel microtubules known as synaptic ribbons. These processes end in expanded terminal buds near capillaries or less, frequently, ependymal cells of the pineal recess. The terminal buds contain granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and electron-dense cored vesicles, which store monoamines and polypeptide hormones, release of which appears to require sympathetic innervation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002220 biolink:NamedThing interstitial cell of pineal gland A cell located between the pinealocytes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000067 biolink:NamedThing ciliated epithelial cell An epithelial cell that has a cilia. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000068 biolink:NamedThing duct epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000075 biolink:NamedThing columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000076 biolink:NamedThing squamous epithelial cell MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000182 biolink:NamedThing hepatocyte The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002076 biolink:NamedThing endo-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002078 biolink:NamedThing meso-epithelial cell Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002518 biolink:NamedThing kidney epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the kidney. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000069 biolink:NamedThing branched duct epithelial cell MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000071 biolink:NamedThing blood vessel endothelial cell An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002139 biolink:NamedThing endothelial cell of vascular tree An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000077 biolink:NamedThing mesothelial cell A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000213 biolink:NamedThing lining cell A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000115 biolink:NamedThing endothelial cell An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000214 biolink:NamedThing synovial cell A cell located in the synovial joint. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000081 biolink:NamedThing blood cell A cell found predominately in the blood. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1001610 biolink:NamedThing bone marrow hematopoietic cell Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000083 biolink:NamedThing epithelial cell of pancreas An epithelial cell of the pancreas. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002251 biolink:NamedThing epithelial cell of alimentary canal An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002293 biolink:NamedThing epithelial cell of thymus An epithelial cell of the thymus. Epithelial reticular cells are pleomorphic, stellate, non-phagocytic cells which seem to be supportive in function and are held together by desmosomes. They replace the fibroblastoid reticular cells found in other lymphoid organs. Other epithelial cells in the medulla have the ultrastructure of secretory cells. Although different epithelial cells throughout the thymus appear alike by light microscopy their ultrastructure and function varies. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000084 biolink:NamedThing T cell A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000542 biolink:NamedThing lymphocyte A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000945 biolink:NamedThing lymphocyte of B lineage A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0001065 biolink:NamedThing innate lymphoid cell A lymphocyte that lacks characteristic T cell, B cell, myeloid cell, and dendritic cell markers, that functions as part of the innate immune response to produce cytokines and other effector responses. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000094 biolink:NamedThing granulocyte A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000097 biolink:NamedThing mast cell A cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. Progenitors leave bone marrow and mature in connective and mucosal tissue. Mature mast cells are found in all tissues, except the bloodstream. Their phenotype is CD117-high, CD123-negative, CD193-positive, CD200R3-positive, and FceRI-high. Stem-cell factor (KIT-ligand; SCF) is the main controlling signal of their survival and development. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000453 biolink:NamedThing Langerhans cell Langerhans cell is a conventional dendritic cell that has plasma membrane part CD207. A Langerhans cell is a stellate dendritic cell of myeloid origin, that appears clear on light microscopy and has a dark-staining, indented nucleus and characteristic inclusions (Birbeck granules) in the cytoplasm; Langerhans cells are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, but they also occur in other stratified epithelia and have been identified in the lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000095 biolink:NamedThing neuron associated cell MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0009004 biolink:NamedThing retinal cell Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:2000004 biolink:NamedThing pituitary gland cell Any cell that is part of a pituitary gland. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002274 biolink:NamedThing histamine secreting cell A cell type that secretes histamine. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000100 biolink:NamedThing motor neuron An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000113 biolink:NamedThing mononuclear phagocyte A vertebrate phagocyte with a single nucleus. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000842 biolink:NamedThing mononuclear cell A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000125 biolink:NamedThing glial cell A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000133 biolink:NamedThing neurectodermal cell Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000355 biolink:NamedThing multi-potent skeletal muscle stem cell A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002672 biolink:NamedThing retinal progenitor cell A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0005026 biolink:NamedThing hepatoblast Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000147 biolink:NamedThing pigment cell A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000234 biolink:NamedThing phagocyte Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000138 biolink:NamedThing chondrocyte Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000153 biolink:NamedThing glycosaminoglycan secreting cell A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000667 biolink:NamedThing collagen secreting cell An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000145 biolink:NamedThing professional antigen presenting cell A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000149 biolink:NamedThing visual pigment cell MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000327 biolink:NamedThing extracellular matrix secreting cell MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000160 biolink:NamedThing goblet cell A cell of the epithelial lining that produce and secrete mucins. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000164 biolink:NamedThing enteroendocrine cell An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000622 biolink:NamedThing acinar cell A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000637 biolink:NamedThing chromophil cell of anterior pituitary gland A cell that stains readily in the anterior pituitary gland. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002659 biolink:NamedThing glandular cell of stomach A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1001599 biolink:NamedThing pancreas exocrine glandular cell Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000319 biolink:NamedThing mucus secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some mucus secretion. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002074 biolink:NamedThing myocardial endocrine cell The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000166 biolink:NamedThing chromaffin cell A cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000568 biolink:NamedThing amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cell A cell that originates in the neural crest, that has certain cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics and is found scattered throughout the body; types include melanocytes, the cells of the chromaffin system, and cells in the hypothalamus, hypophysis, thyroid, parathyroids, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas. This cell type concentrates the amino acid precursors of certain amines and decarboxylate them, forming amines that function as regulators and neurotransmitters. This cell type produces substances such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, enkephalin, somatostatin, neurotensin, and substance P, the actions of which may affect contiguous cells, nearby groups of cells, or distant cells, thus functioning as local or systemic hormones. The name is an acronym for amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000168 biolink:NamedThing insulin secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some insulin secretion. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000439 biolink:NamedThing prolactin secreting cell A peptide hormone cell that secretes prolactin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000170 biolink:NamedThing glucagon secreting cell A cell that secretes glucagon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000172 biolink:NamedThing somatostatin secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some somatostatin secretion. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000295 biolink:NamedThing somatotropin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000440 biolink:NamedThing melanocyte stimulating hormone secreting cell A cell of the intermediate pituitary that produces melanocyte stimulating hormone. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000467 biolink:NamedThing adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that produces adrenocorticotropin, or corticotropin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000507 biolink:NamedThing endorphin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000509 biolink:NamedThing gastrin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000696 biolink:NamedThing PP cell A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000417 biolink:NamedThing endopolyploid cell MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000187 biolink:NamedThing muscle cell A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000393 biolink:NamedThing electrically responsive cell A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000192 biolink:NamedThing smooth muscle cell A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0008000 biolink:NamedThing non-striated muscle cell Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0008007 biolink:NamedThing visceral muscle cell A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0008008 biolink:NamedThing striated visceral muscle cell A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000207 biolink:NamedThing olfactory receptor cell Any neuron that is capable of some detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000210 biolink:NamedThing photoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000226 biolink:NamedThing single nucleate cell A cell with a single nucleus. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000228 biolink:NamedThing multinucleate cell A cell with more than one nucleus. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000595 biolink:NamedThing enucleate erythrocyte An erythrocyte lacking a nucleus. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002422 biolink:NamedThing enucleated reticulocyte A reticulocyte lacking a nucleus and showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining due to the presence of ribosomes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000458 biolink:NamedThing serotonin secreting cell A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0008019 biolink:NamedThing mesenchymal cell A non-polarised cell precursor cell that is part of some mesenchyme, is associated with the cell matrix but is not connected to other cells and is capable of migration. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000236 biolink:NamedThing B cell A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B cell mediated immunity. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000946 biolink:NamedThing antibody secreting cell A lymphocyte of B lineage that is devoted to secreting large amounts of immunoglobulin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0001200 biolink:NamedThing lymphocyte of B lineage, CD19-positive A lymphocyte of B lineage that is CD19-positive. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000287 biolink:NamedThing eye photoreceptor cell Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some eye. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000313 biolink:NamedThing serous secreting cell Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0007004 biolink:NamedThing premigratory neural crest cell Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000335 biolink:NamedThing mesenchyme condensation cell A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000347 biolink:NamedThing scleral cell A cell of the sclera of the eye. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000351 biolink:NamedThing trophoblast cell A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1000274 biolink:NamedThing trophectodermal cell MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000352 biolink:NamedThing epiblast cell A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000353 biolink:NamedThing blastoderm cell An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0008002 biolink:NamedThing skeletal muscle fiber A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000404 biolink:NamedThing electrically signaling cell A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000402 biolink:NamedThing CNS interneuron An interneuron that has its cell body in a central nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000451 biolink:NamedThing dendritic cell A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. These cells are lineage negative (CD3-negative, CD19-negative, CD34-negative, and CD56-negative). MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000785 biolink:NamedThing mature B cell A B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow. Initially, these cells are IgM-positive and IgD-positive, and they can be activated by antigen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000990 biolink:NamedThing conventional dendritic cell Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000502 biolink:NamedThing type D enteroendocrine cell A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000508 biolink:NamedThing type G enteroendocrine cell An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002067 biolink:NamedThing type A enteroendocrine cell An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000506 biolink:NamedThing enkephalin secreting cell An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002180 biolink:NamedThing mucous cell of stomach A mucous cell in the epithelium of the stomach. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000513 biolink:NamedThing cardiac muscle myoblast A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000746 biolink:NamedThing cardiac muscle cell Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:2000022 biolink:NamedThing cardiac septum cell Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0010021 biolink:NamedThing cardiac myoblast Any myoblast that develops into some cardiac muscle cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000514 biolink:NamedThing smooth muscle myoblast A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000549 biolink:NamedThing basophilic erythroblast A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000550 biolink:NamedThing polychromatophilic erythroblast A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000552 biolink:NamedThing orthochromatic erythroblast The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0001012 biolink:NamedThing CD7-negative lymphoid progenitor OR granulocyte monocyte progenitor MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000573 biolink:NamedThing retinal cone cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0010009 biolink:NamedThing camera-type eye photoreceptor cell Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some camera-type eye. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000604 biolink:NamedThing retinal rod cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000623 biolink:NamedThing natural killer cell A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0001067 biolink:NamedThing group 1 innate lymphoid cell An innate lymphoid cell that is capable of producing the type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma, but not Th2 or Th17 cell-associated cytokines. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000642 biolink:NamedThing folliculostellate cell An agranular supporting cell of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) that is characterized by a star-like morphology and ability to form follicles. Folliculostellate cells communicate with each other and with endocrine cells via gap junctions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000638 biolink:NamedThing acidophil cell of pars distalis of adenohypophysis An acidophilic chromophil cell that of the anterior pituitary gland. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000656 biolink:NamedThing primary spermatocyte A diploid cell that has derived from a spermatogonium and can subsequently begin meiosis and divide into two haploid secondary spermatocytes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000737 biolink:NamedThing striated muscle cell Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000740 biolink:NamedThing retinal ganglion cell The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002372 biolink:NamedThing myotube A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000767 biolink:NamedThing basophil Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000771 biolink:NamedThing eosinophil Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Eosinophils are CD9-positive, CD191-positive, and CD193-positive. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000775 biolink:NamedThing neutrophil Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0001201 biolink:NamedThing B cell, CD19-positive A B cell that is CD19-positive. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000816 biolink:NamedThing immature B cell An immature B cell is a B cell that has the phenotype surface IgM-positive and surface IgD-negative, and have not undergone class immunoglobulin class switching or peripheral encounter with antigen and activation. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000817 biolink:NamedThing precursor B cell A precursor B cell is a B cell with the phenotype CD10-positive. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000818 biolink:NamedThing transitional stage B cell An immature B cell of an intermediate stage between the pre-B cell stage and the mature naive stage with the phenotype surface IgM-positive and CD19-positive, and are subject to the process of B cell selection. A transitional B cell migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and then to the spleen. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000786 biolink:NamedThing plasma cell A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000980 biolink:NamedThing plasmablast An activated mature (naive or memory) B cell that is secreting immunoglobulin, typified by being CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD138-negative. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000815 biolink:NamedThing regulatory T cell A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002419 biolink:NamedThing mature T cell A T cell that expresses a T cell receptor complex and has completed T cell selection. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000911 biolink:NamedThing effector T cell A differentiated T cell with ability to traffic to peripheral tissues and is capable of mounting a specific immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000825 biolink:NamedThing pro-NK cell A lymphoid progenitor cell that is committed to the natural killer cell lineage, expressing CD122 (IL-15) receptor, but lacking many of the phenotypic characteristics of later stages of natural killer cell development such as expression of NK activating and inhibitory molecules. In human this cell has the phenotype CD34-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD10-positive, CD117-negative, and CD161 negative. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000826 biolink:NamedThing pro-B cell A progenitor cell of the B cell lineage, with some lineage specific activity such as early stages of recombination of B cell receptor genes, but not yet fully committed to the B cell lineage until the expression of PAX5 occurs. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000827 biolink:NamedThing pro-T cell A lymphoid progenitor cell of the T cell lineage, with some lineage specific marker expression, but not yet fully committed to the T cell lineage. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000893 biolink:NamedThing thymocyte An immature T cell located in the thymus. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002420 biolink:NamedThing immature T cell A T cell that has not completed T cell selection. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000912 biolink:NamedThing helper T cell A effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000954 biolink:NamedThing small pre-B-II cell A small pre-B-II cell is a pre-B-II cell that is Rag1-positive, Rag2-positive, pre-BCR-negative, and BCR-negative, is not proliferating, and carries a DNA rearrangement of one or more immunoglobulin light chain genes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0000955 biolink:NamedThing pre-B-II cell A pre-B-II cell is a precursor B cell that expresses immunoglobulin mu heavy chain (IgHmu+), and lack expression of CD34, TdT, immunoglobulin kappa light chain and immunoglobulin lambda light chain. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002064 biolink:NamedThing pancreatic acinar cell A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002068 biolink:NamedThing Purkinje myocyte Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002086 biolink:NamedThing specialized cardiac myocyte A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002072 biolink:NamedThing nodal myocyte A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002073 biolink:NamedThing transitional myocyte Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002092 biolink:NamedThing bone marrow cell A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002367 biolink:NamedThing trabecular meshwork cell A cell that lines the trabecular meshwork, which is an area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea). This cell may play a role in regulating intraocular pressure. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002166 biolink:NamedThing epithelial cell of Malassez An epithelial cell that remains from the disintegration of the epithelial root sheath involved in the development of teeth. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002155 biolink:NamedThing echinocyte A crenated erythrocyte with 30+ crenations, bumps or spurs that are the result of damage due to age or disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002178 biolink:NamedThing epithelial cell of stomach An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002312 biolink:NamedThing somatotroph An acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002681 biolink:NamedThing kidney cortical cell A cell that is part of a cortex of kidney. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002546 biolink:NamedThing embryonic blood vessel endothelial progenitor cell An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002573 biolink:NamedThing Schwann cell A glial cell that myelinates or ensheathes axons in the peripheral nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0002584 biolink:NamedThing renal cortical epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the kidney cortex. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1000449 biolink:NamedThing epithelial cell of nephron An epithelial cell that is part of the nephron. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0005000 biolink:NamedThing spinal cord interneuron A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0008009 biolink:NamedThing transversely striated visceral muscle cell A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0017500 biolink:NamedThing neutrophillic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, pale-pink, with Wright-Giemsa stain. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005737 biolink:NamedThing cytoplasm The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0017502 biolink:NamedThing acidophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0017503 biolink:NamedThing basophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0017504 biolink:NamedThing polychromatophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:0017508 biolink:NamedThing cartwheel heterochromatin Heterochromatin that is arranged in a carthwheel pattern. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0000792 biolink:NamedThing heterochromatin A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1000303 biolink:NamedThing fibroblast of areolar connective tissue A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1000409 biolink:NamedThing myocyte of sinoatrial node A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1000410 biolink:NamedThing myocyte of atrioventricular node A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1000488 biolink:NamedThing cholangiocyte An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1000510 biolink:NamedThing kidney glomerular epithelial cell Any kidney epithelial cell that is part of some glomerular epithelium. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1000746 biolink:NamedThing glomerular cell Any kidney corpuscule cell that is part of some renal glomerulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1000612 biolink:NamedThing kidney corpuscule cell Any renal cortical epithelial cell that is part of some renal corpuscle. MAXO_relaxed.owl CL:1001433 biolink:NamedThing epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. MAXO_relaxed.owl OBO:COB_0000082 biolink:NamedThing planned process A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050789 biolink:NamedThing regulation of biological process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. MAXO_relaxed.owl OBI:0000011 biolink:NamedThing planned process A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. MAXO_relaxed.owl PO:0009012 biolink:NamedThing plant structure development stage A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001002 biolink:NamedThing food product Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002403 biolink:NamedThing food material Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002454 biolink:NamedThing food material by characteristic Food material which has been categorized by a characteristic such as granularity or temperature. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400361 biolink:NamedThing agency food product type An agency food product type is a class of food product defined by an agency or consortium. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411041 biolink:NamedThing chemical food component Any chemical or chemical mixture that exists in a food material or was added to a food material. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001006 biolink:NamedThing mammalian meat food product A food product made of meat, the skeletal muscle and associated fat, and other edible tissues such as organs, livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, or lungs, of mammals. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001092 biolink:NamedThing vertebrate animal food product A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001248 biolink:NamedThing fish food product A fish food product includes products made from any fish species (aquatic vertebrate with gills and fins). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001251 biolink:NamedThing avian animal food product A food product that is derived from some avian animal. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001256 biolink:NamedThing dairy food product A dairy food product has mammilian milk or a milk component as an ingredient. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001274 biolink:NamedThing egg food product A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001015 biolink:NamedThing plant food product This class includes food products which are derived from or produced by a plant. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002381 biolink:NamedThing food product by organism A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00004242 biolink:NamedThing animal food product A food product that is derived from some animal. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001016 biolink:NamedThing cabbage food product Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green or purple biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001171 biolink:NamedThing cruciferous inflorescence food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00003341 biolink:NamedThing brassica food product A genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001666 biolink:NamedThing broccoli food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001670 biolink:NamedThing brussels sprout food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001703 biolink:NamedThing cauliflower food product A food product that derives from a cauliflower plant. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002187 biolink:NamedThing rapeseed food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001046 biolink:NamedThing animal seafood product A seafood product is a vertebrate or invertibrate organism from an aquatic environment. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001176 biolink:NamedThing invertebrate animal food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001595 biolink:NamedThing animal based refined or partially-refined food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001057 biolink:NamedThing plant fruit food product A food product derived from plant fruit. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001261 biolink:NamedThing vegetable food product A plant food product which derives from one or more vegetables. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002140 biolink:NamedThing plant floret vegetable food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002142 biolink:NamedThing plant head vegetable food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002153 biolink:NamedThing plant seed vegetable food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002156 biolink:NamedThing plant stem or spear food product A food product deriving from a plant stem or spear part. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001083 biolink:NamedThing sugar condiment MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001133 biolink:NamedThing condiment food product A relish, sauce, or seasoning added to food to impart a particular flavour or to complement the dish. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002300 biolink:NamedThing sweetener food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001087 biolink:NamedThing vegetable oil food product A lipid material derived from plants. Physically, oils are liquid at room temperature. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03310387 biolink:NamedThing oil MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03306123 biolink:NamedThing fish oil MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03460263 biolink:NamedThing vegetable fat or oil A fat or oil derived from vegetable material MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001093 biolink:NamedThing cereal grain food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001173 biolink:NamedThing plant seed food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03304497 biolink:NamedThing edible seed food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001094 biolink:NamedThing fermented beverage MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001258 biolink:NamedThing food (fermented) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03301977 biolink:NamedThing beverage food product A liquid prepared for consumption, or a product that can be combined with water or milk to make one. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001253 biolink:NamedThing plant derived beverage A beverage derived from plants. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03315552 biolink:NamedThing juice beverage MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001102 biolink:NamedThing fermented grain beverage MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001254 biolink:NamedThing plant derived fermented beverage MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001838 biolink:NamedThing fermented cereal beverage MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001105 biolink:NamedThing avian egg food product A food product made from an avian egg. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001107 biolink:NamedThing bovine dairy food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001257 biolink:NamedThing milk or milk based food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001118 biolink:NamedThing cattle dairy food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001714 biolink:NamedThing food product component A food product which normally exists as an ingredient to another food product, rather than eaten on its own, and is more complex than a chemical food component. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001857 biolink:NamedThing food flavoring or seasoning product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420228 biolink:NamedThing extract, concentrate or isolate of plant or animal A physical-chemical component separated from the food source or its parts by extraction, centrifugation, filtration, heat processing, expressing or a similar process. The separated component may be converted through further processing. If this is done, the final substance is indexed. A water-extracted component may remain in aqueous dispersion. The extract, concentrate or isolate is indexed in preference to the anatomic part from which it is derived. For example, peanut oil is indexed under *PEANUT* combined wih *FAT OR OIL* rather than with *SEED OR KERNEL*. On the other hand, fruit and vegetable juices can be indexed under *FRUIT JUICE OR NECTAR* or *VEGETABLE JUICE* (A. PRODUCT TYPE); therefore the anatomic part of the plant should be indexed. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001140 biolink:NamedThing fruit juice food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002141 biolink:NamedThing plant fruit as vegetable food product A plant fruit food product which is labeled (in common language or by regulation) as a vegetable food product. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001255 biolink:NamedThing nonfermented plant derived beverage product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03301444 biolink:NamedThing vegetable juice food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001166 biolink:NamedThing plant inflorescence food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001169 biolink:NamedThing cruciferous food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001174 biolink:NamedThing plant lipid food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001175 biolink:NamedThing plant stem food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001242 biolink:NamedThing spice or herb A food product that has some spice or herb as a defining ingredient.|A vegetable product such as leaves, flowers, seeds and roots that is rich in essential oils and aromatic principles. Used mainly a a condiment. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001262 biolink:NamedThing botanical fruit food product Mature ovary of a plant, with a fleshy part of the carpel that develops with the seed to attract animals for aid in dispersal. Botanically, nuts are considered fruits. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002286 biolink:NamedThing sugar based cacao food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03460177 biolink:NamedThing plant seed or nut food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001172 biolink:NamedThing nut food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001264 biolink:NamedThing legume food product A one-celled fruit (pod) usually dehiscing down both sutures, and having the seed attached along a ventral suture. (Roubik 1995) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002664 biolink:NamedThing lipid food product A lipid food product is a food product made primarily of plant or animal fat or oil MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420190 biolink:NamedThing fat or oil Food substance or component consisting predominantly of mixed glycerol esters of fatty acids and, in far lesser amounts, of fatty acids, sterols and pigments. A fat is a solid at room temperature, an oil is a liquid at room temperature (20 degrees C.). Excludes essential oils. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001194 biolink:NamedThing dry pea food product A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Pisum. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001209 biolink:NamedThing pulse food product PULSES are annual leguminous crops yielding from one to 12 grains or seeds of variable size, shape and colour within a pod. They are used for both food and feed. The term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excludingcrops harvested green for food (green peas, green beans, etc.) which are classified as vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction (e.g.soybeand and groundnuts) and leguminous crops (e.g. seeds of clover and alfalfa) that are used exclusively for sowing purposes. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001635 biolink:NamedThing bean food product A bean vegetable food product is a human or animal food product - such as a snap, shell or dry bean product - derived from the fruit pod, seed, or leaf of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001665 biolink:NamedThing broad bean food product A broad bean food product is a product derived from the broad bean plant. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002266 biolink:NamedThing soybean food product A soybean food product is a product derived from the soybean plant. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002753 biolink:NamedThing bean A seed of a bean plant from one of several genera of the flowering plant family (Fabaceae). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002813 biolink:NamedThing pea food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002099 biolink:NamedThing peanut food product A food product having peanuts as an ingredient. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03310646 biolink:NamedThing legume A seed of a legume plant in the family Fabaceae. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001579 biolink:NamedThing alcoholic beverage An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002501 biolink:NamedThing multi-component food product A food product consisting of food material derived from ingredients sourced from multiple organisms. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002645 biolink:NamedThing food product by process A food product organized by the process which it results from. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001260 biolink:NamedThing beer beverage Beer is a fermented cereal beverage resulting from the fermentation most commonly of malted barley (though wheat, corn, or rice may included), by a yeast, most commonly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and flavored by dried flowers of hops, Humulus lupulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001275 biolink:NamedThing chicken egg food product An avian egg food product having chicken eggs or derivatives as a defining ingredient. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001293 biolink:NamedThing shellfish food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001304 biolink:NamedThing food fermentation A fermentation process in which either carbohydrates, proteins or fats are modified through microbial, enzymatic and/or other biological process. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03460119 biolink:NamedThing microbial/enzymatic modification process A food modification process by microbial or enzymatic action which results in molecular changes in any food component. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03470107 biolink:NamedThing food preservation process The methods contributing to the prevention or retardation of microbial, enzymatic or oxidative spoilage and thus to the extension of shelf life. Index all methods for which information is available, even if a corresponding descriptor has already been used in *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*. Preservation descriptors refer to the finished food as a whole with these exceptions: (1) if the components of a multi-component food, such as cream pie, are preservation by different methods, index all methods; (2) if chemical preservatives are declared on the label, always index them even if it is known that the preservative was introduced through or is only present in a component or ingredient of the food; and (3) if the preservation method for an ingredient is declared on the label (such as brie cheese made from pasteurized milk) index it. Also use *INGREDIENT preservation by THERMAL PROCESSING* or *INGREDIENT preservation by IRRADIATION* when ingredients have been pasteurized, ultrapasteurized, sterilized or irradiated. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002196 biolink:NamedThing refined or partially-refined food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002131 biolink:NamedThing plant based refined or partially-refined food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002787 biolink:NamedThing vetch food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001677 biolink:NamedThing cabbage head food product A cabbage vegetable food product is a food product derived from the head or leaf portion of a cabbage plant. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002147 biolink:NamedThing food product by consumer group MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002373 biolink:NamedThing food product by meal type A meal type is the name of an eating occasion that may have location, food type, or other customary contextual features. (Damion's 1st draft definition) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03311126 biolink:NamedThing food (raw) A food product that is raw. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03311737 biolink:NamedThing processed food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001745 biolink:NamedThing clove food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03303380 biolink:NamedThing spice food product A food product derived from a spice. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00003043 biolink:NamedThing saffron food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001771 biolink:NamedThing cow milk based food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001958 biolink:NamedThing human milk based food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001809 biolink:NamedThing dietary or therapeutic formulation food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001848 biolink:NamedThing field corn sweetener product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002157 biolink:NamedThing plant sweetener MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001855 biolink:NamedThing fish refined food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001874 biolink:NamedThing food supplement food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001882 biolink:NamedThing fruit based alcoholic beverage MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001907 biolink:NamedThing gluten refined food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002139 biolink:NamedThing plant fat or oil refined food product An edible plant fat or oil product with characteristics that consumers desire such as bland flavour and odour, clear appearance, light colour, stability to oxidation and suitability for frying, and which is the result of a refining process that removes free fatty acids. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002290 biolink:NamedThing sugar cane refined or partially-refined food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00001916 biolink:NamedThing grain based alcoholic beverage MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002017 biolink:NamedThing barley malt beverage MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002044 biolink:NamedThing mollusc food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002051 biolink:NamedThing mussel food product A food product that is derived from some mussel. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002165 biolink:NamedThing organ meat product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03317170 biolink:NamedThing meat (whole or pieces) A meat product is a product organized by the form of - or processing done to - its meat component (a skeletal meat part of an animal or crustacean). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03306429 biolink:NamedThing meat (raw) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002180 biolink:NamedThing pumpkin food product A food product deriving from one or more pumpkins. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002271 biolink:NamedThing squash food product A food product deriving from one or more squashes. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002186 biolink:NamedThing rape fat or oil refined food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002232 biolink:NamedThing sesame food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002265 biolink:NamedThing soybean seed (field) food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002294 biolink:NamedThing sunflower food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03304870 biolink:NamedThing pumpkin seed (shell off) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002264 biolink:NamedThing soybean refined food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420177 biolink:NamedThing gluten Extract, concentrate or isolate high in gluten, the predominant protein of wheat or corn. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002336 biolink:NamedThing vitamin and mineral food supplement food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03401298 biolink:NamedThing dietary supplement Index dietary/food supplements according to legal and market definitions. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002337 biolink:NamedThing vitamin as food supplement food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420116 biolink:NamedThing organism material Anatomical or other part(s) or substances derived from plant or animal or fungal organisms. MAXO_relaxed.owl OBI:0000047 biolink:NamedThing processed material Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. MAXO_relaxed.owl OBI:0100026 biolink:NamedThing organism A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. MAXO_relaxed.owl OBI:0100051 biolink:NamedThing specimen A material entity that has the specimen role. MAXO_relaxed.owl PO:0025131 biolink:NamedThing plant anatomical entity An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. MAXO_relaxed.owl PR:000030035 biolink:NamedThing G-protein coupled receptor A protein that has G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity. Each GPCR consists of a single polypeptide with an extracellular N-terminus, an intracellular C-terminus and seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains (TM1-TM7) linked by three extracellular loops (ECL1-ECL3) and three intracellular loops (ICL1-ICL3). GPCRs function as part of a heterotrimeric complex to transmit an extracellular signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein via the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit. MAXO_relaxed.owl RO:0002577 biolink:NamedThing system A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000465 biolink:NamedThing material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002451 biolink:NamedThing food transformation process A process involving the physical transformation of a food source or food product into some derived organic material or food product MAXO_relaxed.owl OBI:0000659 biolink:NamedThing specimen collection process A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002452 biolink:NamedThing invertebrate animal Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00003004 biolink:NamedThing animal A whole animal. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411021 biolink:NamedThing fish or lower water animal An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in the water for most or all of its lifetime. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411297 biolink:NamedThing vertebrate animal A vertebrate animal is any species of organism within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002470 biolink:NamedThing food material characteristic A physical object quality which describes a characteristic of some food material. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0001241 biolink:NamedThing physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0000051 biolink:NamedThing morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0001018 biolink:NamedThing physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0001509 biolink:NamedThing functionality A quality of a single physical entity that arises by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits the ability to perform a regular function(s). MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0001555 biolink:NamedThing has number of The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0001995 biolink:NamedThing organismal quality A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0002303 biolink:NamedThing decreased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0002305 biolink:NamedThing increased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0045001 biolink:NamedThing normal object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is normal or average. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0070044 biolink:NamedThing anatomical structure quality A quality of continuant that exist at the anatomical level of organisation and anything under it. This includes, but is not limited to, cells , tissues, and components. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002505 biolink:NamedThing dairy cattle Dairy cattle are a type of cattle bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made. This class covers both male and female members of a dairy breed. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002507 biolink:NamedThing taurine cattle Taurine cattle (Bos taurus taurus), also called European cattle, are a subspecies of domesticated cattle originating in the Near East. Both taurine cattle and indicine cattle (zebus) are descended from the aurochs. Taurine cattle were originally considered a distinct species, but are now typically grouped with zebus and aurochs into one species, Bos taurus. Most modern breeds of cattle are taurine cattle. MAXO_relaxed.owl NCBITaxon:9913 biolink:NamedThing Bos taurus MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002581 biolink:NamedThing aquatic invertebrate An aquatic invertebrate may live entirely beneath the water, or may live upon its surface or on the plants surrounding it. Some breathe air, others breathe water. To move, they may walk, swim, float, skate, fly or glide on their bellies—or they may not move much at all. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420152 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate extract, concentrate, or isolate Extract, concentrate or isolate high in sugar, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420236 biolink:NamedThing protein extract, concentrate or isolate Extract, concentrate or isolate high in protein; may contain amino acids, polypeptides and enzymes. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002791 biolink:NamedThing vetch seed A seed of a vetch plant. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00003206 biolink:NamedThing peanut A seed of a peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002819 biolink:NamedThing liver food product A liver food product is a food product that derives from one or more liver organs. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002821 biolink:NamedThing kidney food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00002986 biolink:NamedThing fish steak A fish steak, alternatively known as a fish cutlet, is a cut of fish which is cut perpendicular to the spine and can either include the bones or be boneless. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03308311 biolink:NamedThing fish (portion cut) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411564 biolink:NamedThing organism by alternate grouping This is a hierarchy of organisms, grouped minimally in a combination of taxonomy and consumer-oriented food groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411345 biolink:NamedThing yeast Yeasts are eukaryotic micro-organisms classified in the kingdom *Fungi*, with 1,500 species currently described estimated to be only 1% of all fungal species. MAXO_relaxed.owl PO:0000003 biolink:NamedThing whole plant A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000468 biolink:NamedThing multicellular organism Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000922 biolink:NamedThing embryo Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0003100 biolink:NamedThing female organism Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0003101 biolink:NamedThing male organism Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0007023 biolink:NamedThing adult organism A multicellular organism that existence_ends_with a post-juvenile adult stage and existence_starts_with a post-juvenile adult stage. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00003425 biolink:NamedThing Maize plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411232 biolink:NamedThing Zia mays plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00003486 biolink:NamedThing pumpkin An orange-yellow pepo fruit of a pumpkin plant. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00003946 biolink:NamedThing winter squash A pepo fruit of a winter squash cultivar harvested in the fall. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00003539 biolink:NamedThing squash A pepo fruit varietal of a squash plant (Cucurbita). MAXO_relaxed.owl PO:0030111 biolink:NamedThing pepo fruit A berry fruit (PO:0030108) which develops from an inferior carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), and has as a part a hard receptacle (PO:0009064) which surrounds, and is indistinct from, the exocarp (PO:0009085). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00003581 biolink:NamedThing sunflower seed (whole kernel) A seed of a sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus) MAXO_relaxed.owl PO:0009010 biolink:NamedThing seed A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a plant ovule (PO:0020003) and has as parts a plant embryo (PO:0009009) enclosed in a seed coat (PO:0009088). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00003595 biolink:NamedThing chicken egg (shell on) A chicken egg in its shell. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02010005 biolink:NamedThing animal egg (shell on) An animal egg in its shell. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02010006 biolink:NamedThing animal egg (shell on, raw) A raw animal egg in its shell. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02020150 biolink:NamedThing chicken material Material that derives from some chicken. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03316061 biolink:NamedThing chicken egg An egg which is produced by an oviperous chicken. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02020152 biolink:NamedThing chicken egg (raw) A raw chicken egg. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03301075 biolink:NamedThing chicken egg (shell off, raw) A whole raw shell-off hen egg is the egg yolk and egg white obtained from a cracked egg. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00004328 biolink:NamedThing organism piece A piece or pieces or amount of substance derived from one or more organisms. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420164 biolink:NamedThing animal material Material that derives from some animal. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00004332 biolink:NamedThing piece of animal A severed part of an animal. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02010001 biolink:NamedThing animal substance Material which is produced by an animal. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02020050 biolink:NamedThing avian animal material Material that derives from some avian animal. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02020889 biolink:NamedThing cow material Material that derives from some cow. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420127 biolink:NamedThing animal (whole or parts) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420194 biolink:NamedThing egg or egg component Poultry, game bird or turtle eggs. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:00004348 biolink:NamedThing raw A characteristic of organism(s) or pieces(s) thereof, which have not had material processing that affects its biochemical composition. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0000125 biolink:NamedThing mass A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0000165 biolink:NamedThing time A quality in which events occur in sequence. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0001025 biolink:NamedThing pressure A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0001031 biolink:NamedThing elasticity A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0001579 biolink:NamedThing contractility A physical quality that is the ability to contract or shrink. MAXO_relaxed.owl PATO:0002198 biolink:NamedThing quality of a substance A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000463 biolink:NamedThing organism substance Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000173 biolink:NamedThing amniotic fluid Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000174 biolink:NamedThing excreta A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000177 biolink:NamedThing pus Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000456 biolink:NamedThing secretion of exocrine gland A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000913 biolink:NamedThing interstitial fluid Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0001968 biolink:NamedThing semen Organism substance that is composed of sperm cells suspended in seminal fluid. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0006312 biolink:NamedThing ocular refractive media Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0006314 biolink:NamedThing bodily fluid Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0006538 biolink:NamedThing respiratory system fluid/secretion A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0010210 biolink:NamedThing blood clot A semisolid gelatinous mass of coagulated blood that consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets entrapped in a fibrin network. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0022293 biolink:NamedThing reproductive gland secretion A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a reproductive gland. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0034873 biolink:NamedThing bodily gas Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02010002 biolink:NamedThing animal egg An egg which is produced by an oviperous animal. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0002050 biolink:NamedThing embryonic structure Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000087 biolink:NamedThing inner cell mass A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000088 biolink:NamedThing trophoblast The mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000091 biolink:NamedThing bilaminar disc A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000164 biolink:NamedThing primitive urogenital sinus The ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000358 biolink:NamedThing blastocyst The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0002061 biolink:NamedThing truncus arteriosus The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0002062 biolink:NamedThing endocardial cushion The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0002532 biolink:NamedThing epiblast (generic) In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0003057 biolink:NamedThing chordal neural plate The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0003064 biolink:NamedThing intermediate mesoderm The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0003068 biolink:NamedThing axial mesoderm The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0003076 biolink:NamedThing posterior neural tube MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0003080 biolink:NamedThing anterior neural tube MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0003081 biolink:NamedThing lateral plate mesoderm Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0003887 biolink:NamedThing intraembryonic coelom The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004117 biolink:NamedThing pharyngeal pouch An internal pocketing of pharyngeal endoderm that contacts a region of ectoderm (a pharyngeal cleft) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions with the pharyngeal arches. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004139 biolink:NamedThing cardiogenic plate The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004140 biolink:NamedThing primary heart field A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004356 biolink:NamedThing apical ectodermal ridge Multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004706 biolink:NamedThing bulbus cordis A transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004871 biolink:NamedThing somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall - underlies the ectoderm[WP]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004872 biolink:NamedThing splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004874 biolink:NamedThing somatopleure A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004875 biolink:NamedThing nephrogenic cord A portion of the urogenital ridge which is the source of much of the urinary system[WP]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0004880 biolink:NamedThing chordamesoderm The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005051 biolink:NamedThing mediastinum testis The mediastinum testis is a network of fibrous connective tissue that extends from the upper to near the lower extremity of the testis, and is wider above than below. From its front and sides numerous imperfect septa (trabeculæ) are given off, which radiate toward the surface of the organ, and are attached to the tunica albuginea. They divide the interior of the organ into a number of incomplete spaces, called lobules. These are somewhat cone-shaped, being broad at their bases at the surface of the gland, and becoming narrower as they converge to the mediastinum. The mediastinum supports the rete testis and blood vessels of the testis in their passage to and from the substance of the gland[WP]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005061 biolink:NamedThing neural groove The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005062 biolink:NamedThing neural fold One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005085 biolink:NamedThing ectodermal placode An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005095 biolink:NamedThing kidney rudiment Missing definition for term UBERON:0005095. Please replace it using linked reference. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005294 biolink:NamedThing gonadal ridge The elevation of thickened mesothelium and underlying mesenchyme found on the ventromedial border of the embryonic mesonephros in which the primordial germ cells become embedded, establishing it as the primordium of the testis or ovary. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005432 biolink:NamedThing aortic sac The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005594 biolink:NamedThing head somite Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005732 biolink:NamedThing paired limb/fin field A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005753 biolink:NamedThing caudal part of nephrogenic cord The metanephros develops from the most caudal part of the nephrogenic cord that is itself derived from the intermediate plate mesoderm. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005754 biolink:NamedThing rostral part of nephrogenic cord The initial renal anlage that develops from the most rostral part of the nephrogenic cord is termed the pronephros. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005792 biolink:NamedThing nephric ridge Nephric tubules (nephrons) form embryonically along the nephric ridge. The ridge comprises three regions; anterior, middle and posterior. The functional kidney uses nephrons from only one or two regions of the ridge. A pronephric kidney uses only the nephrons from the anterior region of the ridge. A mesonephric kidney uses only the middle region, a metanephric kidney uses only the posterior region and an opisthonephric kidney uses the middle and posterior regions. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005868 biolink:NamedThing maxillary prominence The paired dorsal prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo that unite with the ipsilateral medial nasal process to form the upper jaw. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0005876 biolink:NamedThing undifferentiated genital tubercle The embryonic anlage of the external genitalia, which emerges as paired swellings ventral to the cloacal membrane, is proposed to be derived from all three germ layers, and gives rise to the penis, clitoris, scrotum, labia, and foreskin. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0006260 biolink:NamedThing lingual swellings MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0006267 biolink:NamedThing notochordal plate The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0006293 biolink:NamedThing spleen primordium A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium[ISBN]. the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen[MP]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0006598 biolink:NamedThing presumptive structure Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0006756 biolink:NamedThing median lingual swelling During the third week of embryological development there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. The site of their meeting remains post-embryonically as the median sulcus of the tongue. The tuberculum impar is said to form the central part of the tongue immediately in front of the foramen cecum, but Hammar insists that it is purely a transitory structure and forms no part of the adult tongue[WP, Gray's]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0006757 biolink:NamedThing lateral lingual swelling During the third week there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings (or distal tongue bud) which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0007106 biolink:NamedThing chorionic villus One of the minute vascular projections of the fetal chorion that combines with maternal uterine tissue to form the placenta. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0007237 biolink:NamedThing 1st arch mandibular component MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0007238 biolink:NamedThing 1st arch maxillary component MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0007379 biolink:NamedThing shelled egg The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird (especially by the common domestic chicken) or a reptile; also: its contents used as food. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0009133 biolink:NamedThing pleuroperitoneal membrane A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0009889 biolink:NamedThing secondary heart field A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0010316 biolink:NamedThing germ layer / neural crest MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0012314 biolink:NamedThing embryonic facial prominence One of five swellings formed during the development of the face. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0013241 biolink:NamedThing embryonic urethral groove The precursor of the urethra. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0035004 biolink:NamedThing preputial swelling MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0036146 biolink:NamedThing cardiopharyngeal field An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02010004 biolink:NamedThing animal egg (raw) A raw animal egg. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02010012 biolink:NamedThing animal milk Milk which is produced by animal lactation. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02020890 biolink:NamedThing cow substance Material which is produced by a cow. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0001913 biolink:NamedThing milk An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02010013 biolink:NamedThing animal milk (raw) Raw animal milk. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02020891 biolink:NamedThing cow milk Milk which is produced by cow lactation. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03307455 biolink:NamedThing cow milk (raw) Raw cow milk. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:02020892 biolink:NamedThing cow A whole cow. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03414374 biolink:NamedThing bovine The biological subfamily *Bovinae* includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium- to large-sized ungulates, including domestic cattle, the bison, African buffalo, the water buffalo, the yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal subgroups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include cloven hoofs and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having true horns. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03301077 biolink:NamedThing fish (whole or pieces) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03301227 biolink:NamedThing broad bean A seed of a broad bean plant (Vicia faba). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03301415 biolink:NamedThing soybean A seed of a soyabean plant (Glycine max). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03301305 biolink:NamedThing fructose food product MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420271 biolink:NamedThing sugar syrup or syrup solids MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03301619 biolink:NamedThing barley malt beer beverage MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03302116 biolink:NamedThing cow milk (liquid) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03430130 biolink:NamedThing food (liquid) A state of matter between a solid and a gas, in which a substance has the capacity to flow and conforms to the shape of the container. Liquids range from water to honey, corresponding to a range in viscosity (or apparent viscosity) from 1 to 500 centipoise (viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow). Products that are pourable but have a higher viscosity are *SEMILIQUID*. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03303588 biolink:NamedThing dark chocolate MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03303918 biolink:NamedThing human milk (raw) Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts (or mammary glands) of a human female. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03304616 biolink:NamedThing chicken egg (shell on, raw) A raw chicken egg in its shell. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03304644 biolink:NamedThing fruit (raw) MAXO_relaxed.owl PO:0009001 biolink:NamedThing fruit A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062), or a single carpel (PO:0009030), and at maturity may have as parts one or more seeds (PO:0009010). MAXO_relaxed.owl PO:0030108 biolink:NamedThing berry fruit A fruit (PO:0009001) which at maturity comprises a fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03304869 biolink:NamedThing sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03305288 biolink:NamedThing sugar cane juice (pure) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03306812 biolink:NamedThing peas (rehydrated, canned) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03530146 biolink:NamedThing butchery cut of animal A piece of animal meat which has been cut according to butchery practice. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03308394 biolink:NamedThing fish steak (raw) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03309772 biolink:NamedThing liver (raw) A whole raw liver is a whole liver organ obtained from an animal during a butchery process. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03310898 biolink:NamedThing kidney (raw) A whole raw kidney is a kidney obtained from an animal during a butchery process. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0002107 biolink:NamedThing liver An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03310043 biolink:NamedThing rapeseed meal MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03310306 biolink:NamedThing sesame seed A seed of a sesame plant (Sesamum indicum). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03310482 biolink:NamedThing rapeseed oil MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420307 biolink:NamedThing seed oil The oil produced by pressing or extracting lipids from plant seeds (e.g. grapeseed oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil) /AM MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03310664 biolink:NamedThing vitamin supplement, prenatal MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03315171 biolink:NamedThing multivitamin preparation MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0002113 biolink:NamedThing kidney A paired organ of the urinary tract that produces urine and maintains bodily fluid homeostasis, blood pressure, pH levels, red blood cell production and skeleton mineralization. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000080 biolink:NamedThing mesonephros The second stage of the kidney. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary embryonic kidney in higher vertebrates. It is composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0000081 biolink:NamedThing metanephros In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO]. MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0002120 biolink:NamedThing pronephros In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO]. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03315149 biolink:NamedThing corn syrup (high fructose) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420272 biolink:NamedThing high fructose syrup MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400104 biolink:NamedThing fruit juice or related product (us cfr) Liquid food prepared from fruit (21 CFR 146). Products prepared from fruit juice by thickening with pectin are indexed under *FRUIT JELLY*; those thickened with gelatin are under *FRUIT BUTTER, JELLY, PRESERVE OR RELATED PRODUCT*. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400143 biolink:NamedThing fruit or fruit product (us cfr) Fruit in all forms; includes fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, fruit butters, jellies, preserves, and related products. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400105 biolink:NamedThing dressing, condiment, gravy or sauce (us cfr) Seasoned product that contains multiple ingredients and that is used in limited amounts to accompany other foods; excludes flavors, spices and herbs. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03401270 biolink:NamedThing U.S. code of federal regulations, title 21 food product type Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400125 biolink:NamedThing grain or starch product (us cfr) Any form of whole or milled grain, prepared grain product or starch containing product derived from non-grain sources. [FDA CFSAN 1995] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400129 biolink:NamedThing refined or partially-refined food product (us cfr) Extract, concentrate or isolate derived from a food source through one or more refining steps (see *EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE OR ISOLATE OF PLANT OR ANIMAL*) and marketed as such. [FDA CFSAN 1995] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400133 biolink:NamedThing flavoring or seasoning (us cfr) Product that imparts or helps to impart a taste or aroma in food (21 CFR.170.3(n)(26). [FDA CFSAN 1995] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400164 biolink:NamedThing dairy product (us cfr) Milk, a product derived from milk, or a dairy product analog; includes cheese and frozen dairy desserts. [FDA CFSAN 1995] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400172 biolink:NamedThing prepared food product (us cfr) Food product that is 1) ready or nearly ready for consumption; 2) usually a composite of several foods or ingredients that often belong to distinct product types; 3) usually formulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked. Prepared foods often undergo several of the processes listed in *F. EXTENT OF HEAT TREATMENT* and *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*; these factors should be carefully considered in indexing. The classification of prepared food products emphasizes consumption characteristics. [FDA CFSAN 1995] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400217 biolink:NamedThing meat, poultry, seafood or related product (us cfr) Products of the flesh of animals. [FDA CFSAN 1995] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400229 biolink:NamedThing beverage (us cfr) Alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverage; excludes milk and milk-based beverages, fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, and vegetable juices. [FDA CFSAN 1995] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400257 biolink:NamedThing fruit or vegetable product (us cfr) Fruits and vegetables in all forms. [FDA CFSAN 1995] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400261 biolink:NamedThing egg or egg product (us cfr) Fresh egg in shell, liquid, frozen, dried egg or egg component, or egg product analog. Includes boiled, poached, scrambled, and fried eggs. Excludes prepared egg dishes, such as omelettes. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400272 biolink:NamedThing cacao or chocolate product (us cfr) Any form of cacao, cacao product, chocolate, chocolate product or chocolate product analog except chocolate candy; includes such products as cacao beans, cacao nibs, chocolate liquor, sweet or milk chocolate, and chocolate syrup; excludes flavors and extracts derived from cacao beans and chocolate- or cacao-flavored foods (21 CFR 163). [FDA CFSAN 1995] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400306 biolink:NamedThing nut or seed product (us cfr) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400113 biolink:NamedThing spice or herb (us cfr) Aromatic or pungent plant product used whole or ground as a seasoning in food products. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400237 biolink:NamedThing sweetener (us cfr) A product added to a food item to achieve some degree of sweet taste; it may be nutritive or nonnutritive. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400118 biolink:NamedThing nutritive sweetener (us cfr) A substance having greater than 2% of the caloric value of sucrose per equivalent unit of sweetening capacity. For example, the amount of such subtance having the sweetening capacity of 1 teaspoon of sucrose would have more than 0.4 calories (21 CFR 170.3(o)(21)). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400127 biolink:NamedThing fruit juice (us cfr) The liquid extracted or expressed from mature fruit with or without the application of heat. Includes concentrated juice and single-strength juice. If the single-strength juice is prepared from concentrate, then *WATER ADDED* should be used. Carbonated fruit juices are indexed by *FRUIT JUICE* or *FRUIT JUICE, DILUTED* and *CARBONATED* or the appropriate narrower term. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400139 biolink:NamedThing multicomponent meal (us cfr) A multiple-component food product typically containing a protein source, a vegetable, and a potato, rice or cereal-based component packaged to be served after heating, either as separate items or courses or mixed as recipe components; see 21 CFR 102.26, 102.28 and 104.47 for nutritional quality guidelines. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400309 biolink:NamedThing dietary or therapeutic formulation (us cfr) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400152 biolink:NamedThing vegetable or vegetable product (us cfr) Vegetables in all forms except where a use-related product type descriptior (such as *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT* or *SNACK FOOD*) takes precedence. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400148 biolink:NamedThing milk or milk product (us cfr) Milk in all forms, milk-based beverage, cultured milk product, or milk or milk product analog. Index infant formula under *MEAL REPLACEMENT*. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400149 biolink:NamedThing milled grain or starch product (us cfr) Food product prepared by milling a grain or by producing flour, meal or grits from a non-grain source such as beans, starchy roots or tubers. Refined starch is indexed under *REFINED OR PARTIALLY REFINED FOOD PRODUCT*. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400150 biolink:NamedThing meat or meat product (from mammal) (us cfr) Meat (flesh and organs including blood and bone marrow) from mammals. Used for meat in all forms including cured meat, sausage or luncheon meat and meat product analogs. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400267 biolink:NamedThing seafood or seafood product (us cfr) Flesh from fish or shellfish. Includes seafood product analogs and seafood-based sausage or luncheon meat as well as such products as squid ink and clam juice. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400179 biolink:NamedThing condiment or relish (us cfr) Food product that is usually pungent, tart, salty, or spicy and is used to enhance the flavors of other foods; includes catsup, relish, prepared mustard, prepared horseradish, and condiment sauces. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400195 biolink:NamedThing malt beverage (us cfr) Alcoholic beverage prepared from water, malted grain and hops (humulus) by brewing. Examples are beer, ale and malt liquor (27 CFR 7.10). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400278 biolink:NamedThing alcoholic beverage (us cfr) Beverage containing more than 0.5% alcohol; includes distilled spirits, malt beverage, and wine. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400260 biolink:NamedThing nut or nut product (us cfr) Nuts in all forms, including nut butters and pastes. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400305 biolink:NamedThing seed or seed product (us cfr) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400264 biolink:NamedThing vegetable juice (us cfr) The liquid extracted or expressed from mature vegetables with or without optional ingredients such as seasoning or salt. Products prepared from vegetable juice by thickening with gelatin or pectin are indexed under the broader term *VEGETABLE OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*. For part or portion, index the part or the plant from which the juice was extracted, rather than *PLANT EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE, OR ISOLATE*. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400289 biolink:NamedThing USA agency food product type Food group having common consumption, functional or manufacturing characteristics, e.g. *FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*, *DAIRY PRODUCT*, *CONFECTIONARY*, *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT*, etc. [FDA CFSAN 1995] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400352 biolink:NamedThing international agency food product type Renamed from *PRODUCT TYPE, CODEX ALIMENTARIUS* in LanguaL 2008. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400308 biolink:NamedThing supplemental formulation (us cfr) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400643 biolink:NamedThing Codex Alimentarius classification of food and feed commodities Codex Alimentarius, Volume 2 - 1993, Section 2: Pesticide Residues in Food. The Codex Classification of food and animal feed commodities moving in trade and the description of the various items and groups of food and animal feedstuffs included in the present document have been developed by the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. It was first adopted by the 18th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, (1989). The Codex Classification includes food commodities and animal feedstuffs for which Codex maximum residue limits will not necessarily be established. The Classification is intended to be as complete a listing of food commodities in trade as possible, classified into groups on the basis of the commodity's similar potential for pesticide residues. The Classification may also be appropriate for other purposes such as setting maximum levels for other types of residues or for other contaminants in food. The Codex Classification should be consulted in order to obtain a precise description of the food or animal feed commodities and, especially, in cases where Codex maximum residue limits have been set for groups of food and groups of animal feedstuffs. The Codex Classification is intended to promote harmonization of the terms used to describe commodities which are subject to maximum residue limits and of the approach to grouping commodities with similar potential for residue for which a common group maximum residue limit can be set. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400644 biolink:NamedThing a. primary food commodities of plant origin (ccpr) MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400650 biolink:NamedThing 02 vegetables (ccpr) Vegetables are foods derived from many different kinds of plants mostly annual and usually cultivated, commonly known by custom and tradition as "vegetables". In several countries, some of these commodities grown on large areas are distinguished as "field crops" or arable crops e.g. sugar beet. For the sake of convenience in this guide such crops are classified under Type 2 Vegetables. Exposure to pesticides is dependent on the particular part of the plant used for food and the growing practices. Vegetables may be consumed in whole or in part and in the form of fresh, dried or processed foods. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03400675 biolink:NamedThing 010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables and flowerhead brassicas are foods derived from the leafy heads, stems and immature inflorescences of plants belonging to the genus Brassica or the family Cruciferae. Although Kohlrabi does not comply fully with the description above, for convenience and because of the similarity in residue behaviour the commodity is classified in this group. Koblrabi is a tuber-like enlargement of the stem. The edible part of the crop is partly protected from pesticides applied during the growing season by outer leaves, or skin (Kohlrabi). The entire vegetable after discarding obviously decomposed or withered leaves may be consumed. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03401328 biolink:NamedThing dietary supplement, fibre Fibre supplements (or fiber supplements) are considered to be a form of a subgroup of functional dietary fibre, and in the United States are defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). According to the IOM, functional fibre "consists of isolated, non-digestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological effects in humans". Fibre supplements are widely available, and can be found in forms such as powders, tablets and capsules. Consumption of fibre supplements may be for: improving dietary intake, lowering blood cholesterol, alleviating irritable bowel syndrome, reducing the risk of colon cancer, and increasing feelings of satiety. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_supplements] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411001 biolink:NamedThing pea plant edible seed cultivars MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411338 biolink:NamedThing pea plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411005 biolink:NamedThing stem or spear vegetable plant A vegetable having shoot or stem which can be cooked and eaten. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411057 biolink:NamedThing vegetable-producing plant, above-ground parts MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411006 biolink:NamedThing fruit plant used as vegetable MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411036 biolink:NamedThing floret plant used as vegetable MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411156 biolink:NamedThing pod or seed vegetable plant A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family *Fabaceae* (or *Leguminosae*). Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for their grain seed called pulse, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure. Well-known legumes include alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, chickpeas, lentils, lupin bean, mesquite, carob, soybeans, peanuts and tamarind. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411194 biolink:NamedThing head vegetable plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411009 biolink:NamedThing polysaccharide-producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411048 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate-producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411012 biolink:NamedThing sugar-producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411013 biolink:NamedThing plant used for producing extract or concentrate MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411047 biolink:NamedThing grain or seed-producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411140 biolink:NamedThing fruit-producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411179 biolink:NamedThing spice or flavor-producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411579 biolink:NamedThing vegetable-producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03413357 biolink:NamedThing plant by general taxa MAXO_relaxed.owl PO:0009009 biolink:NamedThing plant embryo A whole plant (PO:0000003) that participates in the plant embryo stage (PO:0007631). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411016 biolink:NamedThing starch-producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411017 biolink:NamedThing oil-producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411134 biolink:NamedThing mammal Mammals (from Latin mamma "breast") are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411222 biolink:NamedThing fish A gill-bearing aquatic craniate animal that lacks limbs with digits. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411174 biolink:NamedThing edible seed producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411607 biolink:NamedThing nut or edible seed producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411213 biolink:NamedThing nut producing plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411189 biolink:NamedThing winter squash cultivar Winter squash is an annual fruit representing several squash species within the genus Cucurbita. It differs from summer squash in that it is harvested and eaten in the mature fruit stage when the seeds within have matured fully and the skin has hardened into a tough rind. At this stage, most varieties of this fruit can be stored for use during the winter. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411208 biolink:NamedThing squash plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411201 biolink:NamedThing dairy cow A dairy cow is an adult female member of a dairy cattle breed MAXO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0009097 biolink:NamedThing gravid organism An organism containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03412091 biolink:NamedThing squash, gourd or pumpkin plant Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five species are grown worldwide for their edible fruit, variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd depending on species, variety, and local parlance, and for their seeds. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411433 biolink:NamedThing shellfish The term shellfish is used both broadly and specifically. For regulatory purposes it is often narrowly defined as filter-feeding molluscs such as clams, mussels, and oyster to the exclusion of crustaceans and all else. Although their shells may differ, all shellfish are invertebrates. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411223 biolink:NamedThing mussel A whole mussel. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03412113 biolink:NamedThing bivalve *Bivalvia*, in previous centuries referred to as the *Lamellibranchiata* and *Pelecypoda*, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. Bivalves as a group have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs like the radula and the odontophore. They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalvia] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411226 biolink:NamedThing sesame plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411248 biolink:NamedThing rapeseed plant Rapeseed (*Brassica napus*), also known as rape, oilseed rape, charlock (and, in the case of one particular group of cultivars, canola), is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family *Brassicaceae* (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed. It is the third-largest source of vegetable oil in the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapeseed] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411379 biolink:NamedThing field corn plant Field corn is maize of varieties that (in contrast with sweet corn and popcorn) are not, in the United States, grown primarily for consumption as human food in the form of fresh kernels. More than 98% of corn-growing land in the U.S. is in use for field-corn production. Principal field corn varieties are Dent corn, Flint corn, Flour corn (including blue corn (*Zea mays amylacea*), and Waxy corn. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411567 biolink:NamedThing bean plant A bean plant is one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which has seed pods, seeds, and/or leaf material used for human or animal food. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03412070 biolink:NamedThing vetch plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411324 biolink:NamedThing grain plant Any grass cultivated (grown) for the edible components of its grain. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03413372 biolink:NamedThing brassica species MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411443 biolink:NamedThing broccoli plant Broccoli is a plant in the cabbage family, whose large flower head is used as a vegetable. The word broccoli, from the Italian plural of broccolo, refers to "the flowering top of a cabbage". Broccoli is usually boiled or steamed, but may be eaten raw and has become popular as a raw vegetable in hors d'oeuvre trays. Broccoli is classified in the *Italica* cultivar group of the species *Brassica oleracea*. Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like fashion on branches sprouting from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli most closely resembles cauliflower, which is a different cultivar group of the same species. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411611 biolink:NamedThing brussels sprout plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411255 biolink:NamedThing clove plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411367 biolink:NamedThing broad bean plant *Vicia faba*, the Broad Bean, is a species of bean (*Fabaceae*) native to north Africa and southwest Asia, and extensively cultivated elsewhere. A variety is provisionally recognized: Vicia faba var. equina Pers. - Horse Bean. Although usually classified in the same genus Vicia as the vetches, some botanists treat it in a separate monotypic genus *Faba*. The term fava bean (from the Italian fava, meaning "broad bean") is usually used in English speaking countries such as the US, however the term broad bean is the most common name in the UK. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411374 biolink:NamedThing crustacean Crustaceans form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03412112 biolink:NamedThing mollusc *Mollusca* is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411378 biolink:NamedThing sugar cane plant MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03411456 biolink:NamedThing pumpkin plant MAXO_relaxed.owl NCBITaxon:3663 biolink:NamedThing Cucurbita pepo MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03414460 biolink:NamedThing gourd/squash family The *Cucurbitaceae*, also called cucurbits and the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, the most important of which are: *Cucurbita* - squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds; *Lagenaria* - calabash, and others that are inedible; *Citrullus* - watermelon (*C. lanatus, C. colocynthis*) and others; *Cucumis* - cucumber (*C. sativus*), various melons; *Luffa* - luffa, loofah MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03412116 biolink:NamedThing cephalopod A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class *Cephalopoda* such as a squid, octopus or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles modified from the primitive molluscan foot. Fishermen sometimes call them inkfish, referring to their common ability to squirt ink. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03412972 biolink:NamedThing food additive MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03412974 biolink:NamedThing liquid chemical food component A chemical food component in liquid form. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03413286 biolink:NamedThing sorbitol syrup Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, sweetener. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03414381 biolink:NamedThing bovid A bovid (family *Bovidae*) is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammal which has males with characteristic unbranching horns covered in a permanent sheath of keratin. The family is widespread, being native to Asia, Africa, Europe and North America, and diverse: members include bison, African buffalo, water buffalo, antelopes, gazelles, sheep, goats, muskoxen, and domestic cattle. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420108 biolink:NamedThing sugar A broad term that includes the nutritive sweeteners dextrose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose and sucrose, which are simple carbohydrates with molecules composed of one or two saccharide units. Note that on a product label or in a recipe, 'sugar' means *SUCROSE* and should be so indexed. Use the broad term *SUGAR* only if the specific sugar used is not known or not listed in the vocabulary. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420138 biolink:NamedThing fruit, peel removed MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420167 biolink:NamedThing fruit part The fleshy fruit of any plant. *FRUIT* includes vegetables berries and pods as well. The bulk of a fruit is its fleshy part, which is covered by a peel (skin) and which encloses a core, pit or seeds. MAXO_relaxed.owl PO:0025496 biolink:NamedThing multi-tissue plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. MAXO_relaxed.owl PO:0009008 biolink:NamedThing plant organ A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420218 biolink:NamedThing organ meat Edible organ meat, including blood and bone marrow. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03420229 biolink:NamedThing fruit, peel removed, core, pit or seed removed MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03430113 biolink:NamedThing food physical quality The physical state of the food product (liquid, semiliquid, semisolid, or solid). Solid food products are further subdivided by shape or form. Terms are provided for products that have both liquid and solid components or that incorporate air or other gases. [FDA CFSAN 1995] MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03430131 biolink:NamedThing whole Refers to natural or formed shape as appropriate, regardless of size, which may vary from very large (e.g., beef carcass) to very small (e.g., poppy seed, yeast cell). MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03430150 biolink:NamedThing whole, natural shape MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03460111 biolink:NamedThing food treatment process Used to specifically characterize a food product based on the treatment or processes applied to the product or any indexed ingredient. The processes include adding, substituting or removing components or modifying the food or component, e.g., through fermentation. MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03460141 biolink:NamedThing food modification process MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03460230 biolink:NamedThing single component food fermentation MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03460232 biolink:NamedThing alcohol fermentation MAXO_relaxed.owl FOODON:03460256 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate fermentation MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0000226 biolink:NamedThing microtubule cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007010 biolink:NamedThing cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007017 biolink:NamedThing microtubule-based process Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007018 biolink:NamedThing microtubule-based movement A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0000271 biolink:NamedThing polysaccharide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005976 biolink:NamedThing polysaccharide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0000272 biolink:NamedThing polysaccharide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044042 biolink:NamedThing glucan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009059 biolink:NamedThing macromolecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006023 biolink:NamedThing aminoglycan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006412 biolink:NamedThing translation The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006414 biolink:NamedThing translational elongation The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0010467 biolink:NamedThing gene expression The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016051 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009057 biolink:NamedThing macromolecule catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016052 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0000278 biolink:NamedThing mitotic cell cycle Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007049 biolink:NamedThing cell cycle The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051321 biolink:NamedThing meiotic cell cycle Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0000280 biolink:NamedThing nuclear division The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048285 biolink:NamedThing organelle fission The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0000785 biolink:NamedThing chromatin The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032993 biolink:NamedThing protein-DNA complex A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001501 biolink:NamedThing skeletal system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048731 biolink:NamedThing system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002520 biolink:NamedThing immune system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007399 biolink:NamedThing nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001503 biolink:NamedThing ossification The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032501 biolink:NamedThing multicellular organismal process Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001763 biolink:NamedThing morphogenesis of a branching structure The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001775 biolink:NamedThing cell activation A multicellular organismal process by which exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand results in a change in the morphology or behavior of a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001816 biolink:NamedThing cytokine production The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002532 biolink:NamedThing production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003008 biolink:NamedThing system process A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007275 biolink:NamedThing multicellular organism development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007585 biolink:NamedThing respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007586 biolink:NamedThing digestion The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007610 biolink:NamedThing behavior The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009791 biolink:NamedThing post-embryonic development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032941 biolink:NamedThing secretion by tissue The controlled release of a substance by a tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044706 biolink:NamedThing multi-multicellular organism process A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048871 biolink:NamedThing multicellular organismal-level homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050817 biolink:NamedThing coagulation The process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050879 biolink:NamedThing multicellular organismal movement Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001508 biolink:NamedThing action potential A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042391 biolink:NamedThing regulation of membrane potential Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001539 biolink:NamedThing cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048870 biolink:NamedThing cell motility Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016477 biolink:NamedThing cell migration The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0097722 biolink:NamedThing sperm motility Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001578 biolink:NamedThing microtubule bundle formation A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001659 biolink:NamedThing temperature homeostasis A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048872 biolink:NamedThing homeostasis of number of cells Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001667 biolink:NamedThing ameboidal-type cell migration Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050900 biolink:NamedThing leukocyte migration The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060326 biolink:NamedThing cell chemotaxis The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001675 biolink:NamedThing acrosome assembly The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003006 biolink:NamedThing developmental process involved in reproduction A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007281 biolink:NamedThing germ cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007283 biolink:NamedThing spermatogenesis The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007288 biolink:NamedThing sperm axoneme assembly The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048240 biolink:NamedThing sperm capacitation A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048515 biolink:NamedThing spermatid differentiation The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0120316 biolink:NamedThing sperm flagellum assembly The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellum, the microtubule-based axoneme and associated structures that are part of a sperm flagellum (or cilium). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0010927 biolink:NamedThing cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0022412 biolink:NamedThing cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0033363 biolink:NamedThing secretory granule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0070925 biolink:NamedThing organelle assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060271 biolink:NamedThing cilium assembly The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071971 biolink:NamedThing extracellular exosome assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001696 biolink:NamedThing gastric acid secretion The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0022600 biolink:NamedThing digestive system process A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030421 biolink:NamedThing defecation The expulsion of feces from the rectum. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046541 biolink:NamedThing saliva secretion The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071626 biolink:NamedThing mastication The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046717 biolink:NamedThing acid secretion The controlled release of acid by a cell or a tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032782 biolink:NamedThing bile acid secretion The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001701 biolink:NamedThing in utero embryonic development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043009 biolink:NamedThing chordate embryonic development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001704 biolink:NamedThing formation of primary germ layer The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048646 biolink:NamedThing anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035148 biolink:NamedThing tube formation Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0097186 biolink:NamedThing amelogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001705 biolink:NamedThing ectoderm formation The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001706 biolink:NamedThing endoderm formation The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001707 biolink:NamedThing mesoderm formation The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009653 biolink:NamedThing anatomical structure morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009887 biolink:NamedThing animal organ morphogenesis Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035239 biolink:NamedThing tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048598 biolink:NamedThing embryonic morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048729 biolink:NamedThing tissue morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009987 biolink:NamedThing cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006903 biolink:NamedThing vesicle targeting The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007154 biolink:NamedThing cell communication Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007165 biolink:NamedThing signal transduction The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008212 biolink:NamedThing mineralocorticoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008219 biolink:NamedThing cell death Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008283 biolink:NamedThing cell population proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016192 biolink:NamedThing vesicle-mediated transport A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0022402 biolink:NamedThing cell cycle process The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044237 biolink:NamedThing cellular metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048869 biolink:NamedThing cellular developmental process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051301 biolink:NamedThing cell division The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051641 biolink:NamedThing cellular localization A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051716 biolink:NamedThing cellular response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0055085 biolink:NamedThing transmembrane transport The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071840 biolink:NamedThing cellular component organization or biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0097194 biolink:NamedThing execution phase of apoptosis A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0140352 biolink:NamedThing export from cell The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002440 biolink:NamedThing production of molecular mediator of immune response The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001820 biolink:NamedThing serotonin secretion The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006837 biolink:NamedThing serotonin transport The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046879 biolink:NamedThing hormone secretion The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001821 biolink:NamedThing histamine secretion The regulated release of histamine by a cell or tissue. It is formed by decarboxylation of histidine and it acts through receptors in smooth muscle and in secretory systems. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046903 biolink:NamedThing secretion The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002790 biolink:NamedThing peptide secretion The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007589 biolink:NamedThing body fluid secretion The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032940 biolink:NamedThing secretion by cell The controlled release of a substance by a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051608 biolink:NamedThing histamine transport The directed movement of histamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001838 biolink:NamedThing embryonic epithelial tube formation The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0072175 biolink:NamedThing epithelial tube formation The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001841 biolink:NamedThing neural tube formation The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001957 biolink:NamedThing intramembranous ossification Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0036072 biolink:NamedThing direct ossification The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001990 biolink:NamedThing regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003044 biolink:NamedThing regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050886 biolink:NamedThing endocrine process The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0001992 biolink:NamedThing regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002009 biolink:NamedThing morphogenesis of an epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048332 biolink:NamedThing mesoderm morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002027 biolink:NamedThing regulation of heart rate Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008016 biolink:NamedThing regulation of heart contraction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0065008 biolink:NamedThing regulation of biological quality Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008217 biolink:NamedThing regulation of blood pressure Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0010817 biolink:NamedThing regulation of hormone levels Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050878 biolink:NamedThing regulation of body fluid levels Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002200 biolink:NamedThing somatic diversification of immune receptors The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002376 biolink:NamedThing immune system process Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002252 biolink:NamedThing immune effector process Any process of the immune system that executes a component of an immune response. An effector immune process takes place after its activation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002262 biolink:NamedThing myeloid cell homeostasis The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002507 biolink:NamedThing tolerance induction A process that directly activates any of the steps required for tolerance, a physiologic state in which the immune system does not react destructively against the components of an organism that harbors it or against antigens that are introduced to it. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006955 biolink:NamedThing immune response Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0019882 biolink:NamedThing antigen processing and presentation The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0045058 biolink:NamedThing T cell selection The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0045321 biolink:NamedThing leukocyte activation A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002204 biolink:NamedThing somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of and contributing to an immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002208 biolink:NamedThing somatic diversification of immunoglobulins involved in immune response The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins after induction, and contributes to an immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016447 biolink:NamedThing somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0033152 biolink:NamedThing immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016445 biolink:NamedThing somatic diversification of immunoglobulins The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002228 biolink:NamedThing natural killer cell mediated immunity The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002449 biolink:NamedThing lymphocyte mediated immunity Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002456 biolink:NamedThing T cell mediated immunity Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0019724 biolink:NamedThing B cell mediated immunity Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0045087 biolink:NamedThing innate immune response Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002244 biolink:NamedThing hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030154 biolink:NamedThing cell differentiation The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002521 biolink:NamedThing leukocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030099 biolink:NamedThing myeloid cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002250 biolink:NamedThing adaptive immune response An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigens produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002251 biolink:NamedThing organ or tissue specific immune response An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042092 biolink:NamedThing type 2 immune response An immune response which is associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths and pathological conditions such as allergy, which is orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines, most notably IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, by any of a variety of cell types including T-helper 2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and nuocytes, resulting in enhanced production of certain antibody isotypes and other effects. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002263 biolink:NamedThing cell activation involved in immune response A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002443 biolink:NamedThing leukocyte mediated immunity Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002285 biolink:NamedThing lymphocyte activation involved in immune response A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002366 biolink:NamedThing leukocyte activation involved in immune response A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046649 biolink:NamedThing lymphocyte activation A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030098 biolink:NamedThing lymphocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042110 biolink:NamedThing T cell activation The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042113 biolink:NamedThing B cell activation The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002312 biolink:NamedThing B cell activation involved in immune response The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030183 biolink:NamedThing B cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002335 biolink:NamedThing mature B cell differentiation The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002349 biolink:NamedThing histamine production involved in inflammatory response The synthesis or release of histamine following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002538 biolink:NamedThing arachidonic acid metabolite production involved in inflammatory response The synthesis or release of products of arachidonic acid metabolism following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008150 biolink:NamedThing biological_process A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008152 biolink:NamedThing metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0022414 biolink:NamedThing reproductive process A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032502 biolink:NamedThing developmental process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0040007 biolink:NamedThing growth The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0040011 biolink:NamedThing locomotion Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042592 biolink:NamedThing homeostatic process Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044419 biolink:NamedThing biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050896 biolink:NamedThing response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051179 biolink:NamedThing localization Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0065007 biolink:NamedThing biological regulation Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098754 biolink:NamedThing detoxification Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002377 biolink:NamedThing immunoglobulin production The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002381 biolink:NamedThing immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin-mediated immune response The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002384 biolink:NamedThing hepatic immune response An immune response taking place in the liver. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002460 biolink:NamedThing adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002461 biolink:NamedThing tolerance induction dependent upon immune response Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002465 biolink:NamedThing peripheral tolerance induction Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002504 biolink:NamedThing antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002539 biolink:NamedThing prostaglandin production involved in inflammatory response The synthesis or release of any prostaglandin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002562 biolink:NamedThing somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016444 biolink:NamedThing somatic cell DNA recombination Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002573 biolink:NamedThing myeloid leukocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1903131 biolink:NamedThing mononuclear cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mononuclear cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030218 biolink:NamedThing erythrocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030219 biolink:NamedThing megakaryocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002643 biolink:NamedThing regulation of tolerance induction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002682 biolink:NamedThing regulation of immune system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002683 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of immune system process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002684 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of immune system process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002685 biolink:NamedThing regulation of leukocyte migration Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002694 biolink:NamedThing regulation of leukocyte activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050776 biolink:NamedThing regulation of immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1903706 biolink:NamedThing regulation of hemopoiesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002645 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of tolerance induction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002652 biolink:NamedThing regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002687 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of leukocyte migration Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050778 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051240 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002822 biolink:NamedThing regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002824 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002654 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002658 biolink:NamedThing regulation of peripheral tolerance induction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002660 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of peripheral tolerance induction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0023051 biolink:NamedThing regulation of signaling Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0023052 biolink:NamedThing signaling The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032879 biolink:NamedThing regulation of localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0040012 biolink:NamedThing regulation of locomotion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048518 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of biological process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048519 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of biological process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048583 biolink:NamedThing regulation of response to stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050793 biolink:NamedThing regulation of developmental process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050794 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cellular process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051239 biolink:NamedThing regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1900046 biolink:NamedThing regulation of hemostasis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:2000241 biolink:NamedThing regulation of reproductive process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048585 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of response to stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051093 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of developmental process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051241 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1900047 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of hemostasis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0040017 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of locomotion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048522 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of cellular process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048584 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of response to stimulus Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:2000243 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of reproductive process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030334 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cell migration Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030335 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of cell migration Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002688 biolink:NamedThing regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050920 biolink:NamedThing regulation of chemotaxis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050921 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of chemotaxis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002690 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050865 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cell activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015833 biolink:NamedThing peptide transport The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002819 biolink:NamedThing regulation of adaptive immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002828 biolink:NamedThing regulation of type 2 immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050777 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002821 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of adaptive immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0002830 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of type 2 immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009566 biolink:NamedThing fertilization The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0019953 biolink:NamedThing sexual reproduction A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044703 biolink:NamedThing multi-organism reproductive process A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048609 biolink:NamedThing multicellular organismal reproductive process The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1903046 biolink:NamedThing meiotic cell cycle process A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0021700 biolink:NamedThing developmental maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048856 biolink:NamedThing anatomical structure development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003012 biolink:NamedThing muscle system process A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003013 biolink:NamedThing circulatory system process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003014 biolink:NamedThing renal system process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003016 biolink:NamedThing respiratory system process A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007588 biolink:NamedThing excretion The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050877 biolink:NamedThing nervous system process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0061007 biolink:NamedThing hepaticobiliary system process An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003015 biolink:NamedThing heart process A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008015 biolink:NamedThing blood circulation The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003073 biolink:NamedThing regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003094 biolink:NamedThing glomerular filtration The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0097205 biolink:NamedThing renal filtration A renal system process in which fluid circulating through the body is filtered through a barrier system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003341 biolink:NamedThing cilium movement The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0010970 biolink:NamedThing transport along microtubule The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003352 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cilium movement Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060632 biolink:NamedThing regulation of microtubule-based movement Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003353 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of cilium movement Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060295 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cilium movement involved in cell motility Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:2000147 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of cell motility Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0004888 biolink:NamedThing transmembrane signaling receptor activity Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0038023 biolink:NamedThing signaling receptor activity Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005215 biolink:NamedThing transporter activity Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, accross or in between cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0003674 biolink:NamedThing molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060089 biolink:NamedThing molecular transducer activity A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005576 biolink:NamedThing extracellular region The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0110165 biolink:NamedThing cellular anatomical entity A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005615 biolink:NamedThing extracellular space That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005622 biolink:NamedThing intracellular anatomical structure A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0012505 biolink:NamedThing endomembrane system A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016020 biolink:NamedThing membrane A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030017 biolink:NamedThing sarcomere The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030054 biolink:NamedThing cell junction A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030312 biolink:NamedThing external encapsulating structure A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0031974 biolink:NamedThing membrane-enclosed lumen The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0036477 biolink:NamedThing somatodendritic compartment The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042995 biolink:NamedThing cell projection A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043226 biolink:NamedThing organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044297 biolink:NamedThing cell body The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071944 biolink:NamedThing cell periphery The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0099080 biolink:NamedThing supramolecular complex A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005577 biolink:NamedThing fibrinogen complex A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032991 biolink:NamedThing protein-containing complex A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005581 biolink:NamedThing collagen trimer A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0019814 biolink:NamedThing immunoglobulin complex A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030990 biolink:NamedThing intraciliary transport particle A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043235 biolink:NamedThing receptor complex Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098796 biolink:NamedThing membrane protein complex Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl PR:000028269 biolink:NamedThing thyroid stimulating hormone A protein-containing complex that is a heterodimer of an alpha subunit (CGA) common to several glycoprotein hormones and a beta subunit (TSHB) unique to thyroid stimulating hormone. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005587 biolink:NamedThing collagen type IV trimer A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098642 biolink:NamedThing network-forming collagen trimer A collagen trimer that forms networks. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098651 biolink:NamedThing basement membrane collagen trimer Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005604 biolink:NamedThing basement membrane A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0062023 biolink:NamedThing collagen-containing extracellular matrix An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005634 biolink:NamedThing nucleus A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043231 biolink:NamedThing intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005773 biolink:NamedThing vacuole A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005794 biolink:NamedThing Golgi apparatus A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0097708 biolink:NamedThing intracellular vesicle Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005694 biolink:NamedThing chromosome A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043232 biolink:NamedThing intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005730 biolink:NamedThing nucleolus A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005840 biolink:NamedThing ribosome An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005856 biolink:NamedThing cytoskeleton A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043292 biolink:NamedThing contractile muscle fiber Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005882 biolink:NamedThing intermediate filament A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0099513 biolink:NamedThing polymeric cytoskeletal fiber A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005886 biolink:NamedThing plasma membrane The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0031090 biolink:NamedThing organelle membrane A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098590 biolink:NamedThing plasma membrane region A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005911 biolink:NamedThing cell-cell junction A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0070161 biolink:NamedThing anchoring junction A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005929 biolink:NamedThing cilium A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043227 biolink:NamedThing membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0031982 biolink:NamedThing vesicle Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0120025 biolink:NamedThing plasma membrane bounded cell projection A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043005 biolink:NamedThing neuron projection A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005975 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044238 biolink:NamedThing primary metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006139 biolink:NamedThing nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006629 biolink:NamedThing lipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0019538 biolink:NamedThing protein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043170 biolink:NamedThing macromolecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006022 biolink:NamedThing aminoglycan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0090304 biolink:NamedThing nucleic acid metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005977 biolink:NamedThing glycogen metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006112 biolink:NamedThing energy reserve metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009250 biolink:NamedThing glucan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009251 biolink:NamedThing glucan catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005978 biolink:NamedThing glycogen biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005980 biolink:NamedThing glycogen catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1901135 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate derivative metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1901137 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1901564 biolink:NamedThing organonitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006575 biolink:NamedThing cellular modified amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042430 biolink:NamedThing indole-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1901566 biolink:NamedThing organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030203 biolink:NamedThing glycosaminoglycan metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042435 biolink:NamedThing indole-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006024 biolink:NamedThing glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1903510 biolink:NamedThing mucopolysaccharide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucopolysaccharide. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006082 biolink:NamedThing organic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006091 biolink:NamedThing generation of precursor metabolites and energy The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006790 biolink:NamedThing sulfur compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044249 biolink:NamedThing cellular biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046950 biolink:NamedThing cellular ketone body metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044281 biolink:NamedThing small molecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044283 biolink:NamedThing small molecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015980 biolink:NamedThing energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006259 biolink:NamedThing DNA metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006310 biolink:NamedThing DNA recombination Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006508 biolink:NamedThing proteolysis The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051604 biolink:NamedThing protein maturation Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006590 biolink:NamedThing thyroid hormone generation The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042403 biolink:NamedThing thyroid hormone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006694 biolink:NamedThing steroid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008202 biolink:NamedThing steroid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008206 biolink:NamedThing bile acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008211 biolink:NamedThing glucocorticoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008610 biolink:NamedThing lipid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1901570 biolink:NamedThing fatty acid derivative biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acid derivative. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006699 biolink:NamedThing bile acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0120178 biolink:NamedThing steroid hormone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any steroid hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0072330 biolink:NamedThing monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1901617 biolink:NamedThing organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006704 biolink:NamedThing glucocorticoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006705 biolink:NamedThing mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042446 biolink:NamedThing hormone biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030187 biolink:NamedThing melatonin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006810 biolink:NamedThing transport The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051234 biolink:NamedThing establishment of localization Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0045184 biolink:NamedThing establishment of protein localization The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051649 biolink:NamedThing establishment of localization in cell Any process, occurring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051656 biolink:NamedThing establishment of organelle localization The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006811 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic ion transport The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006869 biolink:NamedThing lipid transport The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008643 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate transport The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009914 biolink:NamedThing hormone transport The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015669 biolink:NamedThing gas transport The directed movement of substances that are gaseous in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015711 biolink:NamedThing organic anion transport The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015849 biolink:NamedThing organic acid transport The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015850 biolink:NamedThing organic hydroxy compound transport The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071705 biolink:NamedThing nitrogen compound transport The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098657 biolink:NamedThing import into cell The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0099111 biolink:NamedThing microtubule-based transport A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015844 biolink:NamedThing monoamine transport The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015721 biolink:NamedThing bile acid and bile salt transport The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035932 biolink:NamedThing aldosterone secretion The regulated release of aldosterone into the circulatory system. Aldosterone is a pregnane-based steroid hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006897 biolink:NamedThing endocytosis A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a part of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048193 biolink:NamedThing Golgi vesicle transport The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006900 biolink:NamedThing vesicle budding from membrane The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016050 biolink:NamedThing vesicle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0061024 biolink:NamedThing membrane organization A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0010324 biolink:NamedThing membrane invagination The infolding of a membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006909 biolink:NamedThing phagocytosis A vesicle-mediated transport process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes and their delivery to the lysosome. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006915 biolink:NamedThing apoptotic process A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0012501 biolink:NamedThing programmed cell death A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006921 biolink:NamedThing cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0022411 biolink:NamedThing cellular component disassembly A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006935 biolink:NamedThing chemotaxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042330 biolink:NamedThing taxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006936 biolink:NamedThing muscle contraction A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006941 biolink:NamedThing striated muscle contraction A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006950 biolink:NamedThing response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009605 biolink:NamedThing response to external stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009607 biolink:NamedThing response to biotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009628 biolink:NamedThing response to abiotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042221 biolink:NamedThing response to chemical Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051606 biolink:NamedThing detection of stimulus The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006952 biolink:NamedThing defense response Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009611 biolink:NamedThing response to wounding Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006954 biolink:NamedThing inflammatory response The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098542 biolink:NamedThing defense response to other organism Reactions triggered in response to the presence of another organism that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006996 biolink:NamedThing organelle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016043 biolink:NamedThing cellular component organization A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0010256 biolink:NamedThing endomembrane system organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0022607 biolink:NamedThing cellular component assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030030 biolink:NamedThing cell projection organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032989 biolink:NamedThing cellular anatomical entity morphogenesis The process in which a cellular entity is generated and organized. A cellular entity has granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0006997 biolink:NamedThing nucleus organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044782 biolink:NamedThing cilium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051276 biolink:NamedThing chromosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007113 biolink:NamedThing endomitotic cell cycle A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007135 biolink:NamedThing meiosis II The second nuclear division of meiosis, in which the two chromatids in each chromosome are separated, resulting in four daughter nuclei from the two nuclei produced in meiosis II. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0061983 biolink:NamedThing meiosis II cell cycle process A process that coontributes to the second meiotic division. The second meiotic division separates chromatids resulting in a haploid number of chromosomes. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0140013 biolink:NamedThing meiotic nuclear division One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007140 biolink:NamedThing male meiotic nuclear division A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007143 biolink:NamedThing female meiotic nuclear division A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007142 biolink:NamedThing male meiosis II A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0010646 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cell communication Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032886 biolink:NamedThing regulation of microtubule-based process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042127 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cell population proliferation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0045595 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1903530 biolink:NamedThing regulation of secretion by cell Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:2000145 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cell motility Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007186 biolink:NamedThing G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007267 biolink:NamedThing cell-cell signaling Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007268 biolink:NamedThing chemical synaptic transmission The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098916 biolink:NamedThing anterograde trans-synaptic signaling Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009888 biolink:NamedThing tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0031099 biolink:NamedThing regeneration The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035295 biolink:NamedThing tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048468 biolink:NamedThing cell development The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048513 biolink:NamedThing animal organ development Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007276 biolink:NamedThing gamete generation The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007320 biolink:NamedThing insemination The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0019098 biolink:NamedThing reproductive behavior The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042713 biolink:NamedThing sperm ejaculation The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030097 biolink:NamedThing hemopoiesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048232 biolink:NamedThing male gamete generation Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007286 biolink:NamedThing spermatid development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048477 biolink:NamedThing oogenesis The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035082 biolink:NamedThing axoneme assembly The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007289 biolink:NamedThing spermatid nucleus differentiation The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007292 biolink:NamedThing female gamete generation Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007565 biolink:NamedThing female pregnancy The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007369 biolink:NamedThing gastrulation A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016331 biolink:NamedThing morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007398 biolink:NamedThing ectoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007492 biolink:NamedThing endoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007498 biolink:NamedThing mesoderm development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060429 biolink:NamedThing epithelium development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0061448 biolink:NamedThing connective tissue development The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007599 biolink:NamedThing hemostasis The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007595 biolink:NamedThing lactation The regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060156 biolink:NamedThing milk ejection reflex A reflex that occurs in response to suckling, beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor in the mammary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the gland. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0070254 biolink:NamedThing mucus secretion The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007596 biolink:NamedThing blood coagulation The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007600 biolink:NamedThing sensory perception The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0019226 biolink:NamedThing transmission of nerve impulse The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050890 biolink:NamedThing cognition The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050905 biolink:NamedThing neuromuscular process Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050910 biolink:NamedThing detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007601 biolink:NamedThing visual perception The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050953 biolink:NamedThing sensory perception of light stimulus The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007605 biolink:NamedThing sensory perception of sound The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050954 biolink:NamedThing sensory perception of mechanical stimulus The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007606 biolink:NamedThing sensory perception of chemical stimulus The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050957 biolink:NamedThing equilibrioception The series of events required for an organism to receive an orientational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Equilibrioception refers to a combination of processes by which an organism can perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. In animals, stimuli come from labyrinth system of the inner ears, monitoring the direction of motion; visual stimuli, with information on orientation and motion; pressure receptors, which tell the organism which body surfaces are in contact with the ground; and proprioceptive cues, which report which parts of the body are in motion. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007608 biolink:NamedThing sensory perception of smell The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050909 biolink:NamedThing sensory perception of taste The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007611 biolink:NamedThing learning or memory The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. MAXO_relaxed.owl NBO:0000313 biolink:NamedThing behavior process "The action, reaction, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli." [GO:GO\:0007610] MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007613 biolink:NamedThing memory The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007617 biolink:NamedThing mating behavior The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0007620 biolink:NamedThing copulation The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1903522 biolink:NamedThing regulation of blood circulation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008104 biolink:NamedThing protein localization Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0070727 biolink:NamedThing cellular macromolecule localization Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1901568 biolink:NamedThing fatty acid derivative metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid derivative. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032787 biolink:NamedThing monocarboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1901615 biolink:NamedThing organic hydroxy compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0018958 biolink:NamedThing phenol-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042445 biolink:NamedThing hormone metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030186 biolink:NamedThing melatonin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008514 biolink:NamedThing organic anion transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0022857 biolink:NamedThing transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009058 biolink:NamedThing biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043604 biolink:NamedThing amide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0008645 biolink:NamedThing hexose transmembrane transport The process in which hexose is transported across a membrane. Hexoses are aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015749 biolink:NamedThing monosaccharide transmembrane transport The process in which a monosaccharide is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009056 biolink:NamedThing catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043603 biolink:NamedThing amide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016053 biolink:NamedThing organic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044272 biolink:NamedThing sulfur compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046951 biolink:NamedThing ketone body biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Biosynthesis involves the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, which is cleaved to acetate and acetyl-CoA. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009306 biolink:NamedThing protein secretion The controlled release of proteins from a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015031 biolink:NamedThing protein transport The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035592 biolink:NamedThing establishment of protein localization to extracellular region The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009314 biolink:NamedThing response to radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009582 biolink:NamedThing detection of abiotic stimulus The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009612 biolink:NamedThing response to mechanical stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009416 biolink:NamedThing response to light stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009581 biolink:NamedThing detection of external stimulus The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043207 biolink:NamedThing response to external biotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060004 biolink:NamedThing reflex An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009593 biolink:NamedThing detection of chemical stimulus The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050906 biolink:NamedThing detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009583 biolink:NamedThing detection of light stimulus The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050982 biolink:NamedThing detection of mechanical stimulus The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009584 biolink:NamedThing detection of visible light The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050962 biolink:NamedThing detection of light stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009636 biolink:NamedThing response to toxic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0070887 biolink:NamedThing cellular response to chemical stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009790 biolink:NamedThing embryo development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0009792 biolink:NamedThing embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046883 biolink:NamedThing regulation of hormone secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0010463 biolink:NamedThing mesenchymal cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0010464 biolink:NamedThing regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0010876 biolink:NamedThing lipid localization Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0033036 biolink:NamedThing macromolecule localization Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030031 biolink:NamedThing cell projection assembly Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1905349 biolink:NamedThing ciliary transition zone assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030705 biolink:NamedThing cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0012506 biolink:NamedThing vesicle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098588 biolink:NamedThing bounding membrane of organelle The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042886 biolink:NamedThing amide transport The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015106 biolink:NamedThing bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015671 biolink:NamedThing oxygen transport The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015701 biolink:NamedThing bicarbonate transport The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046942 biolink:NamedThing carboxylic acid transport The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0015718 biolink:NamedThing monocarboxylic acid transport The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0140353 biolink:NamedThing lipid export from cell The directed movement of a lipid from a cell, into the extracellular region. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0034219 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate transmembrane transport The process in which a carbohydrate is transported across a membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1902224 biolink:NamedThing ketone body metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044085 biolink:NamedThing cellular component biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043436 biolink:NamedThing oxoacid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016064 biolink:NamedThing immunoglobulin mediated immune response An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060562 biolink:NamedThing epithelial tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0061138 biolink:NamedThing morphogenesis of a branching epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0033151 biolink:NamedThing V(D)J recombination The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0016485 biolink:NamedThing protein processing Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0017145 biolink:NamedThing stem cell division The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0040016 biolink:NamedThing embryonic cleavage The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048137 biolink:NamedThing spermatocyte division The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0019752 biolink:NamedThing carboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0019815 biolink:NamedThing B cell receptor complex An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042571 biolink:NamedThing immunoglobulin complex, circulating An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071738 biolink:NamedThing IgD immunoglobulin complex A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgD immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071753 biolink:NamedThing IgM immunoglobulin complex A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and in its circulating form complexed with J chain in polymeric forms. An IgM immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098802 biolink:NamedThing plasma membrane signaling receptor complex Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane and which functions as a signaling receptor. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042101 biolink:NamedThing T cell receptor complex A protein complex that contains a disulfide-linked heterodimer of T cell receptor (TCR) chains, which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and mediates antigen recognition, ultimately resulting in T cell activation. The TCR heterodimer is associated with the CD3 complex, which consists of the nonpolymorphic polypeptides gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and, in some cases, eta (an RNA splice variant of zeta) or Fc epsilon chains. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0021915 biolink:NamedThing neural tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030016 biolink:NamedThing myofibril The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0120036 biolink:NamedThing plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030072 biolink:NamedThing peptide hormone secretion The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060986 biolink:NamedThing endocrine hormone secretion The regulated release of a hormone into the circulatory system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030073 biolink:NamedThing insulin secretion The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. In vertebrates, insulin is secreted from B granules in the B cells of the vertebrate pancreas and from insulin-producing cells in insects. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0070459 biolink:NamedThing prolactin secretion The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030103 biolink:NamedThing vasopressin secretion The regulated release of vasopressin from secretory granules into the blood. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030252 biolink:NamedThing growth hormone secretion The regulated release of growth hormone from secretory granules into the blood. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0036160 biolink:NamedThing melanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion The regulated release of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone, any of a group of peptide hormones that are produced by cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland, and stimulate the production of melanin to increase pigmentation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0036161 biolink:NamedThing calcitonin secretion The regulated release of calcitonin, a peptide hormone that participates in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, from a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051458 biolink:NamedThing corticotropin secretion The regulated release of corticotropin by a cell. Corticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0070091 biolink:NamedThing glucagon secretion The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0070253 biolink:NamedThing somatostatin secretion The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030225 biolink:NamedThing macrophage differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030141 biolink:NamedThing secretory granule A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0099503 biolink:NamedThing secretory vesicle A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048469 biolink:NamedThing cell maturation The cellular developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a specific cell to attain its fully functional state. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030217 biolink:NamedThing T cell differentiation The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030193 biolink:NamedThing regulation of blood coagulation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032101 biolink:NamedThing regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032102 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032103 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050818 biolink:NamedThing regulation of coagulation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation, the process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050819 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of coagulation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0061041 biolink:NamedThing regulation of wound healing Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0061045 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of wound healing Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030195 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of blood coagulation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030202 biolink:NamedThing heparin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells. They are similar to heparan sulfates but are of somewhat higher average Mr (6000-20000) and contain fewer N-acetyl groups and more N-sulfate and O-sulfate groups; they may be attached in the same manner to protein, forming proteoglycans. They consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030210 biolink:NamedThing heparin biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030221 biolink:NamedThing basophil differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030851 biolink:NamedThing granulocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060374 biolink:NamedThing mast cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030261 biolink:NamedThing chromosome condensation The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030262 biolink:NamedThing apoptotic nuclear changes Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030263 biolink:NamedThing apoptotic chromosome condensation The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030317 biolink:NamedThing flagellated sperm motility The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium (aka flagellum) that contributes to the movement of a flagellated sperm. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060285 biolink:NamedThing cilium-dependent cell motility Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060294 biolink:NamedThing cilium movement involved in cell motility Movement of cilia mediated by motor proteins that contributes to the movement of a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1902019 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:2000155 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060073 biolink:NamedThing micturition The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0097254 biolink:NamedThing renal tubular secretion The elimination of substances from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030595 biolink:NamedThing leukocyte chemotaxis The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030659 biolink:NamedThing cytoplasmic vesicle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030667 biolink:NamedThing secretory granule membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0030879 biolink:NamedThing mammary gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048732 biolink:NamedThing gland development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0031012 biolink:NamedThing extracellular matrix A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0031410 biolink:NamedThing cytoplasmic vesicle A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0031503 biolink:NamedThing protein-containing complex localization A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051640 biolink:NamedThing organelle localization Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0031981 biolink:NamedThing nuclear lumen The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0070013 biolink:NamedThing intracellular organelle lumen An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032060 biolink:NamedThing bleb assembly The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0120031 biolink:NamedThing plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0080134 biolink:NamedThing regulation of response to stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1903035 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of response to wounding Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032274 biolink:NamedThing gonadotropin secretion The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035898 biolink:NamedThing parathyroid hormone secretion The regulated release of parathyroid hormone into the circulatory system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035929 biolink:NamedThing steroid hormone secretion The regulated release of any steroid that acts as a hormone into the circulatory system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032275 biolink:NamedThing luteinizing hormone secretion The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0032609 biolink:NamedThing type II interferon production The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046394 biolink:NamedThing carboxylic acid biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0005575 biolink:NamedThing cellular_component A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0033365 biolink:NamedThing protein localization to organelle A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071692 biolink:NamedThing protein localization to extracellular region Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0033500 biolink:NamedThing carbohydrate homeostasis A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048878 biolink:NamedThing chemical homeostasis Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050801 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic ions within an organism or cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098771 biolink:NamedThing inorganic ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0034101 biolink:NamedThing erythrocyte homeostasis Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0034220 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic ion transmembrane transport A process in which a monoatomic ion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035369 biolink:NamedThing pre-B cell receptor complex An immunoglobulin-like complex that is present in at least the plasma membrane of pre-B cells, and that is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two surrogate light chains, each composed of the lambda-5 and VpreB proteins, and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098797 biolink:NamedThing plasma membrane protein complex Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035735 biolink:NamedThing intraciliary transport involved in cilium assembly The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium that contributes to cilium assembly. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042073 biolink:NamedThing intraciliary transport The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035930 biolink:NamedThing corticosteroid hormone secretion The regulated release of any corticosteroid hormone into the circulatory system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0035931 biolink:NamedThing mineralocorticoid secretion The regulated release of any mineralocorticoid into the circulatory system. Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042060 biolink:NamedThing wound healing The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042246 biolink:NamedThing tissue regeneration The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048589 biolink:NamedThing developmental growth The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042475 biolink:NamedThing odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042476 biolink:NamedThing odontogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042588 biolink:NamedThing zymogen granule A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042589 biolink:NamedThing zymogen granule membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a zymogen granule. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042593 biolink:NamedThing glucose homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042611 biolink:NamedThing MHC protein complex A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042613 biolink:NamedThing MHC class II protein complex A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0042730 biolink:NamedThing fibrinolysis A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043025 biolink:NamedThing neuronal cell body The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043228 biolink:NamedThing non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043229 biolink:NamedThing intracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043233 biolink:NamedThing organelle lumen The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0099512 biolink:NamedThing supramolecular fiber A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071953 biolink:NamedThing elastic fiber An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098643 biolink:NamedThing banded collagen fibril A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0043576 biolink:NamedThing regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044057 biolink:NamedThing regulation of system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:2000026 biolink:NamedThing regulation of multicellular organismal development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044058 biolink:NamedThing regulation of digestive system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0044458 biolink:NamedThing motile cilium assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0140546 biolink:NamedThing defense response to symbiont Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect or prevent damage to the host. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0045095 biolink:NamedThing keratin filament A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0045111 biolink:NamedThing intermediate filament cytoskeleton Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0045190 biolink:NamedThing isotype switching The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0045202 biolink:NamedThing synapse The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0045580 biolink:NamedThing regulation of T cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0045619 biolink:NamedThing regulation of lymphocyte differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050863 biolink:NamedThing regulation of T cell activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051249 biolink:NamedThing regulation of lymphocyte activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1902105 biolink:NamedThing regulation of leukocyte differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0046323 biolink:NamedThing glucose import The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1904659 biolink:NamedThing glucose transmembrane transport The process in which glucose is transported across a membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051650 biolink:NamedThing establishment of vesicle localization The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048103 biolink:NamedThing somatic stem cell division The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048199 biolink:NamedThing vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071695 biolink:NamedThing anatomical structure maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051216 biolink:NamedThing cartilage development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0048754 biolink:NamedThing branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0061037 biolink:NamedThing negative regulation of cartilage development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050881 biolink:NamedThing musculoskeletal movement The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050885 biolink:NamedThing neuromuscular process controlling balance Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050907 biolink:NamedThing detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050974 biolink:NamedThing detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050911 biolink:NamedThing detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell The series of events involved in the perception of smell in which an olfactory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0050912 biolink:NamedThing detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051046 biolink:NamedThing regulation of secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051049 biolink:NamedThing regulation of transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051648 biolink:NamedThing vesicle localization Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0051707 biolink:NamedThing response to other organism Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0055074 biolink:NamedThing calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0055080 biolink:NamedThing monoatomic cation homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic cations within an organism or cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060005 biolink:NamedThing vestibular reflex A reflex process in which a response to an angular or linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the inner ear and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060047 biolink:NamedThing heart contraction The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060048 biolink:NamedThing cardiac muscle contraction Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0060284 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cell development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0061035 biolink:NamedThing regulation of cartilage development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1903034 biolink:NamedThing regulation of response to wounding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0061512 biolink:NamedThing protein localization to cilium A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071707 biolink:NamedThing immunoglobulin heavy chain V-D-J recombination The process in which immunoglobulin heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0071708 biolink:NamedThing immunoglobulin light chain V-J recombination The process in which immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0097712 biolink:NamedThing vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to periciliary membrane compartment The process in which vesicles formed at the trans-Golgi network are directed to the plasma membrane surrounding the base of the cilium, including the ciliary pocket, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0097734 biolink:NamedThing extracellular exosome biogenesis The assembly and secretion of an extracellular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0140112 biolink:NamedThing extracellular vesicle biogenesis The assembly and secretion a set of components to form an extracellular vesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, based on the mechanism by which they are released from cells and differentiated based on their size and content. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098644 biolink:NamedThing complex of collagen trimers A complex of collagen trimers such as a fibril or collagen network. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0098645 biolink:NamedThing collagen network A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0099081 biolink:NamedThing supramolecular polymer A polymeric supramolecular structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0099537 biolink:NamedThing trans-synaptic signaling Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0099536 biolink:NamedThing synaptic signaling Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:0140014 biolink:NamedThing mitotic nuclear division A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1903047 biolink:NamedThing mitotic cell cycle process A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1901317 biolink:NamedThing regulation of flagellated sperm motility Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. MAXO_relaxed.owl GO:1902093 biolink:NamedThing positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000002 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of body height Deviation from the norm of height with respect to that which is expected according to age and gender norms. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001507 biolink:NamedThing Growth abnormality MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0004323 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of body weight An abnormal increase or decrease of weight or an abnormal distribution of mass in the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000008 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal morphology of female internal genitalia An abnormality of the female internal genitalia. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000812 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal internal genitalia An anomaly of the adnexa, uterus, and vagina (in female) or seminal tract and prostate (in male). MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010460 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the female genitalia Abnormality of the female genital system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000014 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the bladder An abnormality of the urinary bladder. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010936 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the lower urinary tract An abnormality of the lower urinary tract. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000795 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the urethra An abnormality of the urethra, i.e., of the tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000015 biolink:NamedThing Bladder diverticulum Diverticulum (sac or pouch) in the wall of the urinary bladder. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0025487 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal bladder morphology Any structural anomaly of the bladder. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000069 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the ureter An abnormality of the ureter. The ureter is the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010935 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the upper urinary tract An abnormality of the upper urinary tract. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000077 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the kidney An abnormality of the kidney. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000078 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the genital system An abnormality of the genital system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000119 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the genitourinary system The presence of any abnormality of the genitourinary system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000079 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the urinary system An abnormality of the urinary system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0007379 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm of the genitourinary tract A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the genitourinary system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000107 biolink:NamedThing Renal cyst A fluid filled sac in the kidney. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012210 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal renal morphology Any structural anomaly of the kidney. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0004742 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal renal collecting system morphology An abnormality of the renal collecting system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000118 biolink:NamedThing Phenotypic abnormality A phenotypic abnormality. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000001 biolink:NamedThing All MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000707 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the nervous system An abnormality of the nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000769 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the breast An abnormality of the breast. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000818 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the endocrine system An abnormality of the endocrine system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001574 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the integument An abnormality of the integument, which consists of the skin and the superficial fascia. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001626 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the cardiovascular system Any abnormality of the cardiovascular system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001871 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues An abnormality of the hematopoietic system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001939 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002086 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the respiratory system An abnormality of the respiratory system, which include the airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002664 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm An organ or organ-system abnormality that consists of uncontrolled autonomous cell-proliferation which can occur in any part of the body as a benign or malignant neoplasm (tumor). MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002715 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the immune system An abnormality of the immune system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0025031 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the digestive system MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0033127 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system An anomaly of the musculoskeletal system, which consists of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue. The musculoskeletal system supports the weight of the body, maintains body position and produces movements of the body or of parts of the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0040064 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of limbs MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000130 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the uterus An abnormality of the uterus. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000131 biolink:NamedThing Uterine leiomyoma The presence of a leiomyoma of the uterus. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010784 biolink:NamedThing Uterine neoplasm A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the uterus. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012243 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal reproductive system morphology A structural or developmental anomaly of any of the tissues involved in the genital system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000819 biolink:NamedThing Diabetes mellitus A group of abnormalities characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001952 biolink:NamedThing Glucose intolerance Glucose intolerance (GI) can be defined as dysglycemia that comprises both prediabetes and diabetes. It includes the conditions of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000822 biolink:NamedThing Hypertension The presence of chronic increased pressure in the systemic arterial system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0032263 biolink:NamedThing Increased blood pressure Abnormal increase in blood pressure. An individual measurement of increased blood pressure does not necessarily imply hypertension. In practical terms, multiple measurements are recommended to diagnose the presence of hypertension. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000924 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the skeletal system An abnormality of the skeletal system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0000951 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the skin An abnormality of the skin. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001250 biolink:NamedThing Seizure A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012638 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal nervous system physiology A functional anomaly of the nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001392 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the liver An abnormality of the liver. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002012 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the abdominal organs An abnormality of the viscera of the abdomen. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001513 biolink:NamedThing Obesity Accumulation of substantial excess body fat. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0004324 biolink:NamedThing Increased body weight Abnormally increased body weight. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001549 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal ileum morphology MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002244 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal small intestine morphology A structural abnormality of the small intestine. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001627 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal heart morphology Any structural anomaly of the heart. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0030680 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology Any structural anomaly of the heart and blood vessels. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011915 biolink:NamedThing Cardiovascular calcification Abnormal calcification in the cardiovascular system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0025015 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal vascular morphology MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001713 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal cardiac ventricle morphology An abnormality of a cardiac ventricle. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0005120 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal cardiac atrium morphology Any structural abnormality of a cardiac atrium. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001760 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal foot morphology An abnormality of the skeleton of foot. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002814 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the lower limb An abnormality of the leg. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001780 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal toe morphology An anomaly of a toe. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011297 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal digit morphology A morphological abnormality of a digit, i.e., of a finger or toe. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001822 biolink:NamedThing Hallux valgus Lateral deviation of the great toe (i.e., in the direction of the little toe). MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010051 biolink:NamedThing Deviation of the hallux Displacement of the big toe from its normal position. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001824 biolink:NamedThing Weight loss Reduction of total body weight. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0004325 biolink:NamedThing Decreased body weight Abnormally low body weight. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001844 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal hallux morphology This term applies for all abnormalities of the big toe, also called hallux. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100498 biolink:NamedThing Deviation of toes MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001907 biolink:NamedThing Thromboembolism The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel that subsequently travels through the blood stream from the site where it formed to another location in the body, generally leading to vascular occlusion at the distant site. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001977 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal thrombosis Venous or arterial thrombosis (formation of blood clots) of spontaneous nature and which cannot be fully explained by acquired risk (e.g. atherosclerosis). MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0004420 biolink:NamedThing Arterial thrombosis The formation of a blood clot inside an artery. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0004936 biolink:NamedThing Venous thrombosis Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a vein, causing the obstruction of blood flow. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001944 biolink:NamedThing Dehydration MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011032 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of fluid regulation An abnormality of the regulation of body fluids. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001945 biolink:NamedThing Fever Body temperature elevated above the normal range. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0004370 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of temperature regulation An abnormality of temperature homeostasis. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0001946 biolink:NamedThing Ketosis Presence of elevated levels of ketone bodies in the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012337 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal homeostasis An anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011014 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal glucose homeostasis Abnormality of glucose homeostasis. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011015 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal blood glucose concentration An abnormality of the concentration of glucose in the blood. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002011 biolink:NamedThing Morphological central nervous system abnormality A structural abnormality of the central nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012639 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal nervous system morphology A structural anomaly of the nervous system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011024 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract An abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0025033 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal digestive system morphology A structural anomaly of the digestive system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0034930 biolink:NamedThing Digestive system neoplasm A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the digestive system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002031 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal esophagus morphology A structural abnormality of the esophagus. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012718 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal gastrointestinal tract morphology Abnormal structure of the gastrointestinal tract. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002242 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal intestine morphology An abnormality of the intestine. The closely related term enteropathy is used to refer to any disease of the intestine. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002577 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal stomach morphology An abnormality of the stomach. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012732 biolink:NamedThing Anorectal anomaly An abnormality of the anus or rectum. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002034 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal rectum morphology An abnormaltiy of the rectum, the final segment of the large intestine that stores solid waste until it passes through the anus. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002250 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal large intestine morphology Any abnormality of the large intestine. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100834 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm of the large intestine The presence of a neoplasm of the large intestine. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002088 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal lung morphology Any structural anomaly of the lung. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012252 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal respiratory system morphology A structural anomaly of the respiratory system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002097 biolink:NamedThing Emphysema MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002143 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal spinal cord morphology A structural abnormality of the spinal cord (myelon). MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010651 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal meningeal morphology An abnormality of the Meninges, including any abnormality of the Dura mater, the Arachnoid mater, and the Pia mater. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002204 biolink:NamedThing Pulmonary embolism An embolus (that is, an abnormal particle circulating in the blood) located in the pulmonary artery and thereby blocking blood circulation to the lung. Usually the embolus is a blood clot that has developed in an extremity (for instance, a deep venous thrombosis), detached, and traveled through the circulation before becoming trapped in the pulmonary artery. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0030875 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of pulmonary circulation A functional anomaly of that portion of the cardiosvascular system that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0005266 biolink:NamedThing Intestinal polyp A discrete abnormal tissue mass that protrudes into the lumen of the intestine and is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or a broad base. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002245 biolink:NamedThing Meckel diverticulum Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital diverticulum located in the distal ileum. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002597 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of the vasculature An abnormality of the vasculature. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011025 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology Abnormal functionality of the cardiovascular system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002615 biolink:NamedThing Hypotension Low Blood Pressure, vascular hypotension. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0030972 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal systemic blood pressure A chronic deviation from normal pressure in the systemic arterial system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002617 biolink:NamedThing Vascular dilatation Abnormal outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of an atery, vein or the heart. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0033353 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal blood vessel morphology Any structural anomaly of a blood vessel (artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, or vein). MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0004934 biolink:NamedThing Vascular calcification Abnormal calcification of the vasculature. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011004 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal systemic arterial morphology An abnormality of the systemic arterial tree, which consists of the aorta and other systemic arteries. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002795 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal respiratory system physiology MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002813 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal limb bone morphology Any abnormality of bones of the arms or legs. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011844 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal appendicular skeleton morphology An abnormality of the appendicular skeletal system, consisting of the of the limbs, shoulder and pelvic girdles. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0040068 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of limb bone MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002884 biolink:NamedThing Hepatoblastoma A kind of neoplasm of the liver that originates from immature liver precursor cells and macroscopically is composed of tissue resembling fetal or mature liver cells or bile ducts. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002896 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm of the liver A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the liver. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0002898 biolink:NamedThing Embryonal neoplasm MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0007378 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the gastrointestinal tract. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0006753 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm of the stomach A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the stomach. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100833 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm of the small intestine The presence of a neoplasm of the small intestine. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011792 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm by histology Neoplasm categorized according to type of histological abnormality. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0003074 biolink:NamedThing Hyperglycemia An increased concentration of glucose in the blood. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0003207 biolink:NamedThing Arterial calcification Pathological deposition of calcium salts in one or more arteries. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0004394 biolink:NamedThing Multiple gastric polyps MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0006698 biolink:NamedThing Dilatation of the ventricular cavity A localized outpouching of ventricular cavity that is generally associated with dyskinesia and paradoxical expansion during systole. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100571 biolink:NamedThing Cardiac diverticulum A cardiac diverticulum is a rare congenital malformation which is either fibrous or muscular. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100808 biolink:NamedThing Gastric diverticulum An outpouching of the gastric wall. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011793 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm by anatomical site Neoplasm categorized according to the anatomical site of origin of the neoplasm. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010622 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm of the skeletal system A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the skeleton. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100013 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm of the breast A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the breast. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0008722 biolink:NamedThing Urethral diverticulum The presence of a diverticulum (sac or pouch) in the wall of the urethra. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010303 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal spinal meningeal morphology Any abnormality of the spinal meninges, the system of membranes (dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater) which envelops the spinal cord. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010304 biolink:NamedThing Spinal meningeal diverticulum An outpouching of the spinal meninges. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011842 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal skeletal morphology An abnormality of the form, structure, or size of the skeletal system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010766 biolink:NamedThing Ectopic calcification Deposition of calcium salts in a tissue or location in which calcification does not normally occur. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0031105 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal uterus morphology Any anomaly of the structure of the uterus MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0033020 biolink:NamedThing Female reproductive system neoplasm A neoplasm that affects the female reproductive system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010786 biolink:NamedThing Urinary tract neoplasm The presence of a neoplasm of the urinary system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010787 biolink:NamedThing Genital neoplasm A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the genital system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0010978 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of immune system physiology A functional abnormality of the immune system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011122 biolink:NamedThing Abnormality of skin physiology Any abnormality of the physiological function of the skin. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011123 biolink:NamedThing Inflammatory abnormality of the skin The presence of inflammation of the skin. That is, an abnormality of the skin resulting from the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012649 biolink:NamedThing Increased inflammatory response A abnormal increase in the inflammatory response to injury or infection. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011642 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal coronary sinus morphology An abnormality of the coronary sinus, which is formed by the union of the great cardiac vein and the left marginal vein and terminates in the right atrium. The coronary sinus functions to o collect deoxygenated blood from the myocardium of the heart and drain it into the right atrium. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0011644 biolink:NamedThing Coronary sinus diverticulum A venous pouch within the left ventricular wall, with a neck opening into the coronary sinus. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012647 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal inflammatory response Any anomaly of the inflammatory response, a response to injury or infection characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012737 biolink:NamedThing Small intestinal polyp A discrete abnormal tissue mass that protrudes into the lumen of the small intestine and is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or a broad base. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0200008 biolink:NamedThing Intestinal polyposis The presence of multiple polyps in the intestine. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0012888 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal uterine cervix morphology An anomaly of the neck of the uterus (lower part of the uterus), called the uterine cervix. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0030163 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal vascular physiology Abnormality of vascular function. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0025635 biolink:NamedThing Ureteral polyp A growth protruding from the mucous membrane of the ureter. Ureteral polyps can be attached to the ureter by a broad base or a thin stalk. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100516 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm of the ureter The presence of a neoplasm of the ureter. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0030159 biolink:NamedThing Cervical polyp Abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane of the endocervix. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0030255 biolink:NamedThing Large intestinal polyposis The presence of multiple polyps in the large intestine. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0031093 biolink:NamedThing Abnormal breast morphology Any anomaly of the structure of the breast. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0032446 biolink:NamedThing Pulmonary bulla Pulmonary bullae are rounded focal regions of emphysema with a thin wall which measure more than 1 cm in diameter. They are often subpleural in location and are typically larger in the apices. In some cases, bullae can be very large and result in compression of adjacent lung tissue. A giant bulla is arbitrarily defined as one that occupies at least one third of the volume of a hemithorax. When large, bullae can simulate pneumothorax. The most common cause is paraseptal emphysema but bullae may also be seen in association with centrilobular emphysema. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100246 biolink:NamedThing Osteoma Osteomas are bony growths found most commonly on the skull and mandible; however, they may occur in any bone of the body. Osteomas do not usually cause clinical problems and do not become malignant. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100572 biolink:NamedThing Fibrous cardiac diverticulum A fibrous cardiac diverticulum refers to an aneurysm and usually appears as an isolated congenital anomaly. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100573 biolink:NamedThing Muscular cardiac diverticulum MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100628 biolink:NamedThing Esophageal diverticulum The presence of a diverticulum of the esophagus. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100743 biolink:NamedThing Neoplasm of the rectum MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0100877 biolink:NamedThing Renal diverticulum Cystic, urine-containing intrarenal cavities lined with transitional cell epithelium that communicate through a narrow channel with the collecting system. MAXO_relaxed.owl HP:0200063 biolink:NamedThing Colorectal polyposis Multiple abnormal growths that arise from the lining of the large intestine (colon or rectum) and protrude into the intestinal lumen. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000001 biolink:NamedThing medical action A clinically prescribed procedure, therapy, intervention, or recommendation. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000002 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure All manners of treatment, be they pharmaceuticals, invasive procedures, etc. to relieve illness and injury in attempts to bring the body back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000003 biolink:NamedThing diagnostic procedure Any procedure or test to diagnose a disease or disorder. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000013 biolink:NamedThing complementary and alternative medical therapy Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or “complementary health approaches” are a group of diverse medical and health care practices and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000017 biolink:NamedThing preventative therapy A therapy or action designed to prevent disease or ailment. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000021 biolink:NamedThing palliative care An approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual’. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001014 biolink:NamedThing medical action avoidance A recommendation of abstaining or avoiding any medical action that might normally be clinically prescribed. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001393 biolink:NamedThing route of administration Method a drug, fluid, or other substance is taken into the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000004 biolink:NamedThing surgical procedure A diagnostic or treatment procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000009 biolink:NamedThing nutrition intervention Behavioral or regulatory nutritional interventions aim at modifying nutritional intake which have an impact on health outcomes. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000014 biolink:NamedThing radiation therapy Treatment of a disease by means of exposure of the target or the whole body to radiation. Radiation therapy is often used as part of curative therapy and occasionally as a component of palliative treatment for cancer. Other uses include total body irradiation prior to transplantation. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000015 biolink:NamedThing biologic therapy A type of treatment that uses substances derived from or made by living organisms to treat disease; this includes both naturally occurring and synthetic products. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000026 biolink:NamedThing diathermy The production of heat in a body part by high-frequency electrical currents to stimulate circulation, relieve pain, cauterization, or destroy tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000034 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure by site All manners of treatment to relieve illness and injury of a particular body site or system. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000058 biolink:NamedThing pharmacotherapy Use of a substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000130 biolink:NamedThing endoscopic procedure A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular organ to examine the structural architecture and/or remove abnormal tissues. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000151 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic avoidance intervention A medical recommendation to avoid a particular therapy, intervention, medication, or procedure. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000452 biolink:NamedThing ablation therapy The removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive process. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000457 biolink:NamedThing pain management The management of pain by interventional procedures, pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, psychological counseling, or complementary and alternative medical therapies designed to treat or alleviate pain. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000458 biolink:NamedThing hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy is the external or internal use of water in any of its forms (water, ice, steam) for health promotion or treatment of various diseases with various temperatures, pressure, duration, and site. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000477 biolink:NamedThing orthopedic procedure Any procedure relating to the branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000517 biolink:NamedThing intubation procedure The insertion of a cannula or tube into a hollow body organ. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000518 biolink:NamedThing extubation procedure The removal of a previously inserted tube from a hollow organ or passageway, often from the airway. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000600 biolink:NamedThing renal replacement therapy Treatments that substitute for the blood-filtering function of the kidneys. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000618 biolink:NamedThing fluid replacement therapy A therapy of replenishing bodily fluids lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathological processes, such as sepsis. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000757 biolink:NamedThing infusion procedure Any form of treatment that is introduced into the body via a blood vessel, a muscle, or the spinal cord. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000782 biolink:NamedThing obstetrics and gynecology procedure Any procedure associated with female reproductive organs in their pregnant and non-pregnant states. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000939 biolink:NamedThing stimulation procedure Procedure to arouse the body or parts to increase functional activity. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000951 biolink:NamedThing physiological support therapy Therapeutic care designed to maintain the natural processes of the body and return to a more normal state of health. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001298 biolink:NamedThing therapy A treatment that helps someone feel better, grow stronger, etc., especially after an illness. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001389 biolink:NamedThing catheterization The use or insertion of a catheter which is a flexible tube inserted through a narrow opening into a body cavidy for removing fluid. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001538 biolink:NamedThing fetal procedure A procedure performed on a fetus. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001621 biolink:NamedThing reproductive technology treatment Procedures and treatments that are used to aid in achieving pregnancy conception in individuals who are having difficulty doing so spontaneously. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0009052 biolink:NamedThing nuclear medicine procedure A procedure that uses very small amounts of radioactive materials to examine organ function and structure. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000005 biolink:NamedThing clinical imaging procedure Any technology or method that aids in the visualization of any biological process, cell, tissue or organ for use in screening, diagnosis, surgical procedures or therapy. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000006 biolink:NamedThing clinical laboratory procedure Any procedure that involves testing or manipulating a sample of blood, urine, or other body substance in a laboratory setting for diagnosis, treatment, or therapy. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000124 biolink:NamedThing disease screening The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence of disease, usually in asymptomatic individuals. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000483 biolink:NamedThing medical professional evaluation A procedure where a healthcare provider, who was not previously involved in a patient's treatment, reviews a patient's medical history, examines the patient, and makes recommendations as to care and treatment. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000487 biolink:NamedThing clinical assessment A measurement performed in a clinical setting using clinician's observations and instrument data to inform patient care and research. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000547 biolink:NamedThing clinical biospecimen collection A procedure by which biological material is obtained from a subject for testing, diagnostic, treatment, or research purposes. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000912 biolink:NamedThing assessment for sleep disturbance A measurement or assessment to determine if a patient's sleep is disrupted. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000988 biolink:NamedThing diagnostic procedure by site Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of a particular by part or system. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035067 biolink:NamedThing perchlorate discharge test In the perchlorate discharge test, first radioactive iodine is administered, sufficient time is allowed to pass so that the radioactive iodine is captured by the thyroid, and then, perchlorate is administered orally. The perchlorate displaces non-organified iodide from the thyroid. The perchlorate discharge test is considered positive (abnormal) if there is an abnormally rapid loss of radioactive iodine from the thyroid. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035096 biolink:NamedThing breath hydrogen test The hydrogen breath test is a noninvasive procedure to diagnose dietary intolerance (e.g., lactose or galactose intolerance) and related conditions by measuring the amount of hydrogen exhaled in the breath following ingestion of the relevant sugar. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035106 biolink:NamedThing paracentesis A procedure that removes peritoneal fluid from the abdomen (peritoneal cavity) through a needle or catheter to obtain ascitic fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035110 biolink:NamedThing gustatory testing A medical test that evaluates the ability to taste. The tests are either chemical or electrical in nature. Chemical testing uses the natural stimuli and chemical tastants (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami) to assess taste, whereas electrical testing adopts electrical currents applied directly to the surface of the tongue. Other investigations are employed in the assessment of gustatory dysfunction, such as certain imaging techniques, though these are not as useful in quantifying taste disorders. PMID:33620811 MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035121 biolink:NamedThing electrooculogram procedure An electrophysiologic test that measures the existing resting electrical potential between the cornea and Bruch's membrane. The most common use of the electrooculogram is to confirm disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000007 biolink:NamedThing radiograph imaging with contrast dye A test that involves the administration of contrast dye and X-ray imaging in order to be able to see soft tissue within the body. Dye can be added intravenously, ingested, or other methods. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000595 biolink:NamedThing radiograph imaging procedure A procedure producing an image on a radiosensitive surface by x-ray radiation that has penetrated and passed through a structure in order to diagnose or treat a patient. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001253 biolink:NamedThing pelvic radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of pelvic region of trunk. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001254 biolink:NamedThing skull radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of skull. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001315 biolink:NamedThing dental radiography Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of teeth. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010351 biolink:NamedThing abdominal radiographic procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of abdomen. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010352 biolink:NamedThing head radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of head. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010353 biolink:NamedThing liver radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of liver. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010354 biolink:NamedThing lung radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of lung. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010355 biolink:NamedThing neck radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of neck. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010356 biolink:NamedThing chest radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of chest. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010357 biolink:NamedThing lower limb radiographic procedure The X-ray examination of the lower limbs of the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010360 biolink:NamedThing bronchography procedure The radiographic examination of the tracheobronchial tree following the injection of a radiopaque material. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010361 biolink:NamedThing cholangiography procedure The radiographic examination of the bile ducts after a contrast medium has been injected. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010362 biolink:NamedThing cystography procedure A radiographic procedure to obtain an image of the urinary bladder by filling the bladder with contrast medium. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010363 biolink:NamedThing mammography procedure A type of radiography used specifically to examine breast tissue. The procedure utilizes a low-dose of x-rays or radiation to generate an image. A mammography exam or mammogram, is used as a screening tool to detect early breast cancer in women experiencing no symptoms and to detect and diagnose breast disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010364 biolink:NamedThing myelography procedure The radiographic examination of the spinal cord and nerve roots following the injection of a contrast medium into the spinal subarachnoid space. The X-rays taken may highlight conditions such as spinal tumors, spinal cord swelling and herniated discs. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010365 biolink:NamedThing total body radiography procedure A radiologic test that involves the examination of the entire body in a single procedure. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010366 biolink:NamedThing vaginography procedure A radiographic examination of the vagina using the intravaginal injection of contrast medium. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035001 biolink:NamedThing hand radiography Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of manus. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035002 biolink:NamedThing intraoral radiography A procedure whre the radiographic film or sensor is placed inside the mouth and uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of teeth and other oral structures. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035006 biolink:NamedThing foot radiography Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of pes. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035008 biolink:NamedThing shoulder radiograph procedure Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of shoulder. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035035 biolink:NamedThing lymphography Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of lymphatic part of lymphoid system. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035043 biolink:NamedThing upper limb radiography Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of forelimb. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035050 biolink:NamedThing spine radiography Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of vertebral column. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035052 biolink:NamedThing hip radiography Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of hip. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035074 biolink:NamedThing ankle radiography Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of ankle joint. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035085 biolink:NamedThing cervical spine radiography Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of cervical region of vertebral column. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035090 biolink:NamedThing hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan An imaging procedure in which a radioactive tracer is injected intravenously. The tracer is taken up by bile producing cells and subsequently travels with the bile into the gallbladder and through the bile ducts to the small intestine. THe hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan can be used to visualize the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000010 biolink:NamedThing cognitive and behavioral intervention Cognitive and behavioral interventions are therapies that are designed to decrease symptoms and foster the belief that one has control over thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and skills to facilitate coping. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000011 biolink:NamedThing physical therapy The treatment of deformity or disease through mechanical force and movement, including both active and passive exercises, intended to ameliorate injury, increase mobility, and improve overall function. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000930 biolink:NamedThing speech therapy The treatment of communication disorders (speech disorders and language disorders), cognitive-communication disorders, voice disorders, and swallowing disorders. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001351 biolink:NamedThing occupational therapy An assessment and intervention to develop, recover, or maintain life activies or occupations. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0009029 biolink:NamedThing hearing therapy Treatment to improve hearing. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000012 biolink:NamedThing surgery by body site A surgery performed on specific region of the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000139 biolink:NamedThing autopsy procedure A postmortem examination of the body that includes an examination of the internal organs and structures after dissection to determine the cause of death and the nature of pathological changes. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000455 biolink:NamedThing cryosurgery The use of extreme cold to damage or destroy a body part, pathway, or function. The procedure is performed using small cryogenic probes during surgery, and has recently been applied to solitary sporadic renal tumor lesions. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000475 biolink:NamedThing surgical denervation The resection or complete surgical removal of a nerve. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000535 biolink:NamedThing surgical aspiration procedure Procedure using suction, usually with a thin needle and syringe, to remove bodily fluid or tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000885 biolink:NamedThing surgical removal procedure A surgical procedure that leads to the removal of body part or body fluid. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000965 biolink:NamedThing ostomy surgical procedure The construction of a passage between a cavity or hollow organ to the surface of the body often to help drain bodily fluid. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001541 biolink:NamedThing myelomeningocele repair Surgical procedure that closes a spinal defect in a fetus during pregnancy. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001578 biolink:NamedThing laser surgical procedure A surgical procedure that uses the cutting power of a laser beam to make bloodless cuts in tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0009026 biolink:NamedThing introduction procedure A procedure where a substance or object is inserted into the body. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0009072 biolink:NamedThing surgical repair Surgeical procedure to restore or replace physical defects of form or function. Physical defects could be a consequence of birth defects, trauma, or medical conditions. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0009077 biolink:NamedThing plastic surgery A surgical procedure that is performed for therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000131 biolink:NamedThing endoscopy by site A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular portion of a specific body part or body location. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000499 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of respiratory system All manners of treatment to bring respiratory system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000790 biolink:NamedThing clinical breast examination A systemic evaluation of the breast using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000793 biolink:NamedThing pelvic examination A systemic evaluation of the pelvic region of trunk using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000869 biolink:NamedThing obstetric abdominal examination A systemic evaluation of the abdomen using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion during pregnancy to determine the health of the mother and fetus. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001037 biolink:NamedThing cephalectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of head. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001064 biolink:NamedThing mastectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of breast. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001263 biolink:NamedThing face transplantation The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) face from a donor to a patient. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001292 biolink:NamedThing surgical plastic reconstruction of face A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of face. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001293 biolink:NamedThing hand reconstructive plastic surgery A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of manus. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001397 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of visual system All manners of treatment to bring visual system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001409 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of digestive system All manners of treatment to bring digestive system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001410 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of cardiovascular system All manners of treatment to bring cardiovascular system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001411 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of circulatory system All manners of treatment to bring circulatory system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001412 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of excretory system All manners of treatment to bring excretory system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001413 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of exocrine system All manners of treatment to bring exocrine system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001414 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of genitourinary system All manners of treatment to bring genitourinary system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001415 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of hematopoietic system All manners of treatment to bring hematopoietic system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001416 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of integumental system All manners of treatment to bring integumental system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001417 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of skin of body All manners of treatment to bring skin of body back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001418 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of musculoskeletal system All manners of treatment to bring musculoskeletal system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001419 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of nervous system All manners of treatment to bring nervous system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001420 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of reproductive system All manners of treatment to bring reproductive system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001422 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of vestibulo-auditory system All manners of treatment to bring vestibulo-auditory system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001423 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of immune system All manners of treatment to bring immune system back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001424 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of organism substance All manners of treatment to bring organism substance back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001425 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of amniotic fluid All manners of treatment to bring amniotic fluid back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001426 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of blood clot All manners of treatment to bring blood clot back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001427 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of excreta All manners of treatment to bring excreta back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001428 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of feces All manners of treatment to bring feces back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001429 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of urine All manners of treatment to bring urine back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001430 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of interstitial fluid All manners of treatment to bring interstitial fluid back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001431 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of ocular refractive media All manners of treatment to bring ocular refractive media back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001432 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of aqueous humor of eyeball All manners of treatment to bring aqueous humor of eyeball back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001433 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of vitreous humor All manners of treatment to bring vitreous humor back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001434 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of pus All manners of treatment to bring pus back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001435 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of reproductive gland secretion All manners of treatment to bring reproductive gland secretion back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001436 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of female reproductive gland secretion All manners of treatment to bring female reproductive gland secretion back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001437 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of male reproductive gland secretion All manners of treatment to bring male reproductive gland secretion back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001438 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of respiratory system fluid/secretion All manners of treatment to bring respiratory system fluid/secretion back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001439 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of sputum All manners of treatment to bring sputum back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001440 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of secretion of exocrine gland All manners of treatment to bring secretion of exocrine gland back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001441 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of bile All manners of treatment to bring bile back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001442 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of gastric juice All manners of treatment to bring gastric juice back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001443 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure of organ All manners of treatment to bring organ back to its normal state. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0009080 biolink:NamedThing mammoplasty A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of breast. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000016 biolink:NamedThing cellular therapy Cell therapy is therapy in which cellular material is injected into a patient. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000152 biolink:NamedThing augmentation therapy Administration of intravenous infusions of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor at regular schedules is a specific therapy for individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) with pulmonary involvement. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000236 biolink:NamedThing antineoplastic monoclonal antibody agent therapy Treatment with a biological agent (monoclonal antibody) that target factors responsible for deregulated cell proliferation as in cancer. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000440 biolink:NamedThing colony stimulating factor agent therapy Glycoprotein growth factors produced by monocytes, macrophages, or activated lymphocytes that stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells and differentiation of stem cells into colonies of granulocytes, monocytes, or macrophages. These substances act in either paracrine or autocrine fashion on marrow cells, appear to act synergistically in complex and poorly understood ways. Each appears to exert actions on several lines of progenitor cells and to influence end cell function. Treatment with colony-stimulating factors (CSF) can help the blood-forming tissue recover from the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These factors include interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000443 biolink:NamedThing erythropoietin stimulating agent therapy Use of a recombinant therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to the endogenous glycoprotein erythropoietin (Epo). Epo promotes the differentiation and maturation of hematopoietic progenitors into erythrocytes; is a mitogen and a chemoattractant for endothelial cells; stimulates activated and differentiated B-cells and enhances B-cell immunoglobulin production and proliferation; and is hypoxia-inducible. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000933 biolink:NamedThing enzyme replacement or supplementation therapy Treatment with a synthetic enzyme or mixture of enzymes used to replace or supplement enzymes to treat enzyme deficiency. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000949 biolink:NamedThing calcitonin treatment Treatment with a hormone that is naturally produced in the thyroid. When calcitonin given to patients with osteoporosis, calcitonin produces modest increases in bone mass because it slows the rate at which osteoclasts absorb bone. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001001 biolink:NamedThing gene therapy Gene therapy involves the use of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) for the treatment, cure or prevention of human disorders. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001002 biolink:NamedThing immunotherapy procedure The goal of immunotherapy is to induce anti-disease (usually tumor) responses by reprogramming and augmenting immune surveillance, and reducing immune suppression. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001481 biolink:NamedThing IgE-targeting biologic therapy A type of biologic therapy that is designed to inhibit the activity of IgE immunoglobulins. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001482 biolink:NamedThing Th2-targeting biologic therapy A type of biologic therapy that is designed to modulate helper 2 (Th2) T cell activity MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0009015 biolink:NamedThing botulinum toxin therapy Treatment with Botulinum toxin, a neurotoxic protein which blocks release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions causing muscle paralysis. This therapy has many therapeutic uses including chronic migraine, spastic disorders, cervical dystonia, and detrusor hyperactivity. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000018 biolink:NamedThing biomarker analysis A broad subcategory of medical signs or objective indications of medical state which can be measured accurately and reproducibly. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000029 biolink:NamedThing cell measurement Quantification of cell characteristics, including morphological or physiological parameter of one or more cells in order to determine the health of the patient and/or detect disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000127 biolink:NamedThing genetic testing The process of isolating and testing the DNA of an embryo or a person to detect the presence of genetic alterations or defects that may predispose to the future development of a disease or disorder. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000140 biolink:NamedThing clinical cytological testing A procedure to examine and define cellular anatomy or function. The test results are often used by a clinician to diagnose disease or disordered function. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000144 biolink:NamedThing histological examination Technique or procedure used for the study of the microanatomy of tissues and their cellular structure; usually involves microscopic examination of tissue slices. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000147 biolink:NamedThing hematology testing A procedure to measure hematopoietic components and investigate hematologic disorders in a blood sample. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000566 biolink:NamedThing clinical chemistry assessment A clinical laboratory procedure designed for the quantification of an organic or inorganic chemical within a biological specimen required for diagnostics or monitoring of treatments. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000585 biolink:NamedThing microbial culture procedure Any laboratory procedure for growing microorganisms. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000588 biolink:NamedThing clinical nucleic acid testing for pathogens A technique that detects a particular nucleic acid sequence in order to identify a pathogen (organism or virus) in blood, tissue, urine, or other bodily fluids. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035025 biolink:NamedThing in vitro DNA repair study A test that measures DNA damage/breakage in patient cells. DNA damage repair plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression, and in therapeutic resistance. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035055 biolink:NamedThing flow cytometry procedure A technique for counting, examining and sorting microscopic particles suspended in a stream of fluid. NCIT:C16585 MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035122 biolink:NamedThing cell function assay An assessment of cell function. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035123 biolink:NamedThing viral cell culture Test for viral infection based on cytopathic effect and/or antibody staining. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000019 biolink:NamedThing esophography with contrast A radiographic examination of the esophagus in which the esophagusis made visible by barium or a water-soluble contrast administered orally prior to the examination. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001313 biolink:NamedThing X-ray pulmonary angiography procedure An X-ray imaging technique that involves visualization of the pulmonary vasculature after fluoroscopy-guided catheter placement and injection of an iodinated contrast medium into the pulmonary circulation. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001314 biolink:NamedThing X-ray cerebral angiography procedure The X-ray examination of the blood vessels in and around the brain. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001317 biolink:NamedThing X-ray microangiography Radiography of small blood or lymphatic vessels of an organ less than 200 micrometers in diameter. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001319 biolink:NamedThing X-ray coronary angiography procedure The X-ray examination of the blood vessels of the heart. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0009065 biolink:NamedThing intravenous pyelogram A test that involves the administration of intravenous contrast and X-ray imaging of the urinary tract. The iodinated contrast flows through the renal vasculature and filtered into the collecting system highlighting the anatomic structures on the X-ray image. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035038 biolink:NamedThing contrast angiography procedure An x-ray of blood vessels after a contrast dye is added intraveniously. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035048 biolink:NamedThing upper GI radiography with contrast A radiographic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract in which the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum are made visible by barium or a water-soluble contrast administered orally prior to the examination. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035049 biolink:NamedThing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography A combined endoscopic and fluoroscopic procedure in which an upper endoscope is led into a second part of the duodenum, making it possible for passage of other tools via the major duodenal papilla into the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Contrast material may be injected in these ducts, allowing for radiologic visualization and therapeutic interventions when indicated. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035082 biolink:NamedThing barium swallow radiograph procedure A contrast-enhanced radiographic study commonly used to assess structural characteristics of the entire esophagus. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035095 biolink:NamedThing venography procedure Radiographic examination of veins following injection of contrast material. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001212 biolink:NamedThing clinical imaging procedure by system Visualization of a particular body system, organ, or cell type using a variety of imaging techniques for use in screening, diagnosis, surgical procedures or therapy. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000425 biolink:NamedThing MRI of the head A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the head. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000426 biolink:NamedThing MRI of the abdomen A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the abdomen. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000428 biolink:NamedThing MRI of the chest A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the chest. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000989 biolink:NamedThing CT by site The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of a particular body site. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001171 biolink:NamedThing testicular ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the testis. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001259 biolink:NamedThing angiography A medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001302 biolink:NamedThing MRI of the placenta A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the placenta. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001303 biolink:NamedThing cardiac MRI A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the heart. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001304 biolink:NamedThing MRI of the vertebral column A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the vertebral column. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001310 biolink:NamedThing MRI of the pancreas A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the pancreas. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001311 biolink:NamedThing MRI of the limb A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the limb. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010200 biolink:NamedThing abdominal ultrasonography A method of ultrasound imaging in which the ultrasound probe is pressed against the skin of the abdomen in order to create an image of the abdominal organs. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010201 biolink:NamedThing uterine ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the body of uterus. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010202 biolink:NamedThing breast ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the breast. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010203 biolink:NamedThing echocardiography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the heart. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010205 biolink:NamedThing lung ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the lung. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010206 biolink:NamedThing lymph node ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the lymph node. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010207 biolink:NamedThing musculoskeletal ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the musculoskeletal system. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010208 biolink:NamedThing neck ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the neck. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010209 biolink:NamedThing pancreatic ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the pancreas. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010210 biolink:NamedThing rectal ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the rectum. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010211 biolink:NamedThing scrotal ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the scrotum. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010213 biolink:NamedThing stomach ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the stomach. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010214 biolink:NamedThing thyroid ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the thyroid gland. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010215 biolink:NamedThing bladder ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the urinary bladder. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010216 biolink:NamedThing vaginal ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the vagina. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010219 biolink:NamedThing pelvis ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the pelvic region of trunk. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010220 biolink:NamedThing prostate ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the prostate gland. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010222 biolink:NamedThing neurosonology The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the brain. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035014 biolink:NamedThing MRI of the spinal cord A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the spinal cord. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035034 biolink:NamedThing pelvis MRI A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the bony pelvis. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035039 biolink:NamedThing defecography Is an imaging procedure often using a specific contrast dye for evaluation of pelvic floor, anorectal muscle contractions and relaxation (sphincters), and certain structural abnormalities. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035051 biolink:NamedThing MRI of the muscle organ A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the muscle organ. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035053 biolink:NamedThing ovary ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the ovary. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001396 biolink:NamedThing diagnostic procedure of digestive system Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the digestive system. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000075 biolink:NamedThing digestive system testing The quantitative measurement of digestive system tests to diagnose or treat a digestive disorder using clinical laboratory procedures, imaging tests, endoscopic or other procedures. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000332 biolink:NamedThing anal biopsy Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from anus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000347 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of chordate pharynx Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from chordate pharynx for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000363 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of gallbladder Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from gallbladder for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000369 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of intestine Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from intestine for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000376 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of liver Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from liver for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000385 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of mouth Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from mouth for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000406 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of stomach Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from stomach for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000415 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of upper digestive tract Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from upper digestive tract for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001306 biolink:NamedThing MRI of the liver A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the liver. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010131 biolink:NamedThing tongue swab collection Collection biological material from within the tongue with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010204 biolink:NamedThing liver ultrasonography The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the liver. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010301 biolink:NamedThing rectal swab collection Collection biological material from within the rectum with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010303 biolink:NamedThing buccal swab collection Collection biological material from within the buccal mucosa with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010305 biolink:NamedThing nasopharyngeal swab collection Collection biological material from within the nasopharynx with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010308 biolink:NamedThing oropharyngeal swab collection Collection biological material from within the oropharynx with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0010313 biolink:NamedThing liver CT The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the liver. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0035046 biolink:NamedThing esophageal manometry A motility study to assess motor function of the upper esophageal sphincter, esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0001467 biolink:NamedThing diagnostic procedure of organ Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the organ. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000330 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of adrenal gland Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from adrenal gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000334 biolink:NamedThing uterine biopsy Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the uterus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000335 biolink:NamedThing calcified bone biopsy Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the calcified bone for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000338 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of brain Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from brain for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000346 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of chest wall Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from chest wall for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000353 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of diaphragm Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from diaphragm for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000358 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of endometrium Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from endometrium for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000361 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of fallopian tube Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from fallopian tube for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000365 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of gonad Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from gonad for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000366 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of heart Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from heart for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000373 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of larynx Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from larynx for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000377 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of lower respiratory tract Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lower respiratory tract for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000381 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of lymph node Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lymph node for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000383 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of vulva Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the vulva for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000392 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of pancreas Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from pancreas for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000393 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of penis Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from penis for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000395 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of peritoneum Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from peritoneum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000401 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of scrotum Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from scrotum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000404 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of spinal cord Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from spinal cord for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000405 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of spleen Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from spleen for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000410 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of thymus Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from thymus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000411 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of thyroid gland Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from thyroid gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000416 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of upper respiratory tract Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from upper respiratory tract for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000417 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of ureter Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from ureter for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000418 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of urethra Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from urethra for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000419 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of bladder Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the bladder for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000420 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of cervix Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from uterine cervix for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000421 biolink:NamedThing biopsy of vagina Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from vagina for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease. MAXO_relaxed.owl MAXO:0000427 biolink:NamedThing MRI of the brain A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the brain. MAXO_relaxed.owl