id category name description provided_by http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/C536649 biolink:NamedThing penile agenesis A rare condition characterized by the complete absence of the penis. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001544 biolink:NamedThing anatomical intersex condition Any of various intersex conditions determined principally by anatomical variations. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000312 biolink:NamedThing congenital adrenal hyperplasia A group of inherited conditions of the adrenal glands, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (hydrocortisone) and/or aldosterone leading to accumulation of precursors for androgens. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in steroid 21-hydroxylase; steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase; steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases); testosterone 5-alpha-reductase; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these conditions. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006059 biolink:NamedThing gonadal dysgenesis Any of various conditions which feature streak gonads, dysgenetic testes, or dysgenetic ovaries. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D007021 biolink:NamedThing hypospadias A congenital abnormality in which the external urethral orifice is on the underside of the penis. In a minority of cases it is associated with other genitourinary abnormalities. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001549 biolink:NamedThing vaginal agenesis A rare condition characterized by the absence of a vagina. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001551 biolink:NamedThing Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome describes a spectrum of Mullerian duct anomalies characterized by congenital aplasia of the uterus and upper 2/3 of the vagina in otherwise phenotypically normal females. It can be classified as either MRKH syndrome type 1 (corresponding to isolated utero-vaginal aplasia) or MRKH syndrome type 2 (utero-vaginal aplasia associated with other malformations) (see these terms). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001555 biolink:NamedThing clitoral hypertrophy An abnormal enlargement of the clitoris that is mostly congenital or acquired, though deliberately induced clitoris enlargement as a form of genital body modification is achieved through various uses of anabolic steroids, including testosterone. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001575 biolink:NamedThing micropenis A penis at birth less than 2.0 to 2.5 cm in length, stretched from pubic tubercle to the tip of the penis). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009250 biolink:NamedThing diphallia An extremely rare developmental abnormality in which a person is born with two penises. The first reported case was by Johannes Jacob Wecker in 1609. Its occurrence is 1 in 5.5 million boys in the United States. GSSO_relaxed.owl UBERON:0002537 biolink:NamedThing ovotestis A gonad that contains both ovarian follicles and testicular tubular elements. An ovotestis is usually observed to have connective tissue separating the ovarian components from the testicular components, but ovarian and testicular elements may be intermixed. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C120864 biolink:NamedThing agenesis The failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth and development due to the absence of primordial tissue. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001552 biolink:NamedThing cervical agenesis Failure of the cervix to develop. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C99103 biolink:NamedThing uterine agenesis Failure of the uterus to develop. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000067088 biolink:NamedThing direct-to-consumer advertising The marketing and advertising of pharmaceutical products or medical devices directly to consumers as patients, as opposed to specifically targeting health professionals. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_010384 biolink:NamedThing pharmaceutical advertising Advertising for any of various pharmaceuticals. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000068116 biolink:NamedThing genderdisforie Distress a person feels due to their birth-assigned sex and gender not matching their gender identity. People who experience gender dysphoria are typically transgender. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:MFOMD_0000188 biolink:NamedThing dysphoria A state of feeling unwell or unhappy; a feeling of emotional and mental discomfort and suffering from restlessness, malaise, depression or anxiety. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000083 biolink:NamedThing body integrity dysphoria Condition in which individuals desire to be disabled or having discomfort with being able-bodied beginning in early adolescence and resulting in harmful consequences. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000084 biolink:NamedThing species dysphoria Dysphoria associated with the feeling that one's body is of the wrong species. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000072438 biolink:NamedThing calendar Document or chart that shows days, weeks, and months of a year. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D052180 biolink:NamedThing publication format Specific genre of publication. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D016417 biolink:NamedThing bibliography A work consisting of a list of books, articles, documents, publications, and other items, usually on a single subject or related subjects. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D016421 biolink:NamedThing editorial Work consisting of a statement of the opinions, beliefs, and policy of the editor or publisher of a journal, usually on current matters of medical or scientific significance to the medical community or society at large. The editorials published by editors of journals representing the official organ of a society or organization are generally substantive. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D016437 biolink:NamedThing dictionary A reference book containing a list of words - usually in alphabetical order - giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning. A foreign-language dictionary is an alphabetical list of words of one language with their meaning and equivalents in another language. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D016454 biolink:NamedThing review Work consisting of a more or less comprehensive review of the literature on a specific subject, with usually an extensive critical analysis and synthesis of the literature. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D019215 biolink:NamedThing biography Works consisting of an account of the events, works, and achievements, personal and professional, during a person's life. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D019478 biolink:NamedThing academic dissertation Work consisting of formal presentations made usually to fulfill requirements for an academic degree. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D019494 biolink:NamedThing catalog Work consisting of bibliographic records, created according to specific and uniform principles of construction and under the control of an authority file, which describe the materials contained in a collection, library, or group of libraries. Catalogs include also lists of materials prepared for a particular purpose, such as exhibition catalogs, sales catalogs, garden catalogs, medical supply catalogs. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D019497 biolink:NamedThing diary Work consisting of records, usually private, of writers' experiences, observations, feelings, attitudes, etc. They may also be works marked in calendar order in which to note appointments and the like. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D019500 biolink:NamedThing encyclopedia Work containing informational articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D019502 biolink:NamedThing ephemera Works consisting of transient everyday items, usually printed on paper, that are produced for a specific limited use and then often thrown away. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D019991 biolink:NamedThing database Work consisting of a structured file of information or a set of logically related data stored and retrieved using computer-based means. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D020465 biolink:NamedThing almanac Works consisting of brief accounts or narratives of incidents or events. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D020466 biolink:NamedThing atlas Work consisting of collections of illustrative plates, charts, etc., usually with explanatory captions. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D020485 biolink:NamedThing legislation A legal document proposing or enacting a law or a group of laws. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D020495 biolink:NamedThing pictorial work Work consisting exclusively or mainly of pictures but not technical drawings. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D020507 biolink:NamedThing resource guide Work listing and describing various sources of information, from multiple media or in different formats, on a given subject. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000047 biolink:NamedThing scholarly article An article which is an academic work and is published, or will be published, in an academic or scholarly journal. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000663 biolink:NamedThing government publication A resource published by a governing body. GSSO_relaxed.owl SIO:000164 biolink:NamedThing technical report A technical report is a publication published by a school or other institution, usually numbered within a series.|Work consisting of a formal report giving details of the investigation and results of a medical or other scientific problem. When issued by a government agency or comparable official body, its contents may be classified, unclassified, or declassified with regard to security clearance. This publication type may also cover a scientific paper or article that records the current state or current position of scientific research and development. If so labeled by the editor or publisher, this publication type may be properly used for journal articles. GSSO_relaxed.owl SIO:000295 biolink:NamedThing collection of documents A collection of documents is a non-zero set of documents. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000074384 biolink:NamedThing sexual health A state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001813 biolink:NamedThing health Refers to a person's state of physical, mental and social well-being; usually it refers specifically to the state of being in good health, a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and does not consist only of the absence of disease or infirmity. In any organism health constitutes a form of homeostasis with inputs and outputs of energy and mass in approximate equilibrium allowing for growth and continued survival. In humans, a subjective feeling of well-being coming from somatic and cognitive perceptions is considered an essential component of health. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000075485 biolink:NamedThing population health The health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group. These populations are often geographic regions, such as nations or communities, but they can also be other groups. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008603 biolink:NamedThing mental health Emotional, psychological, and social well-being of an individual or group.|The overall state of an individual's psychologic constitution. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D054525 biolink:NamedThing minority health The concept covering the physical and mental health conditions experienced by members of minority groups, usually related to social disadvantages or discriminatory acts. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D060728 biolink:NamedThing reproductive health The state of the reproductive system when functioning optimally without evidence of disease, disorders, or deficiencies. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007136 biolink:NamedThing public health The science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community, as by preventive medicine, health education, control of communicable diseases, application of sanitary measures, and monitoring of environmental hazards. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007137 biolink:NamedThing men's health The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of men. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007138 biolink:NamedThing women's health The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of women. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_011799 biolink:NamedThing telehealth The distribution of health-related services and information via electronic information and telecommunication technologies. It allows long-distance patient and clinician contact, care, advice, reminders, education, intervention, monitoring, and remote admissions GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012785 biolink:NamedThing physical health The general condition of one's body. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000076144 biolink:NamedThing Ancient Egypt A civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in the area of Egypt. It was active from 3100 B.C. until its conquest by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D018436 biolink:NamedThing ancient land Geographical sites known to be extant in a remote period in the history of civilization, familiar as the names of ancient countries and empires. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000076145 biolink:NamedThing Ancient Greece A civilization extant from about 1200 BC. to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 B.C. It extended from the Greek city states to North Africa and eastward to the Indus River. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D064867 biolink:NamedThing Mesopotamia An historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009933 biolink:NamedThing Ancient Rome Roman civilization from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom (753 BC–509 BC), Roman Republic (509 BC–27 BC) and Roman Empire (27 BC–476 AD) until the fall of the western empire. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009934 biolink:NamedThing Hellenistic Egypt Egypt as it existed during the Hellenistic period (322 BCE to 30 BCE), from its conquest by Alexander the Great to its conquest by Caesar Augustus. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000077230 biolink:NamedThing internet access Ability to connect to the internet and access services available there. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000183 biolink:NamedThing internet service Any number of services provided using data transferred from internet servers to a computer. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000184 biolink:NamedThing internet service provider An organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the internet. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000189 biolink:NamedThing Usenet A worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) dial-up network architecture. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000190 biolink:NamedThing instant messaging A type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the internet. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_011365 biolink:NamedThing computer bulletin board service A computer server running software that allows users to connect to the system using a terminal program. Once logged in, the user can perform functions such as uploading and downloading software and data, reading news and bulletins, and exchanging messages with other users through public message boards and sometimes via direct chatting. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C20461 biolink:NamedThing World Wide Web A computer network consisting of a collection of internet sites that offer text and graphics and sound and animation resources through the hypertext transfer protocol.|An information system where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs, such as https://www.example.com/), which may be interlinked by hypertext, and are accessible over the Internet. GSSO_relaxed.owl SIO:000304 biolink:NamedThing email Email message is a digital document that is composed of a header and a body and is transmitted using the SMTP protocol. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000077252 biolink:NamedThing dialectical behavioral therapy An evidence-based psychotherapy that began with efforts to treat personality disorders, and interpersonal conflicts. There is evidence that DBT can be useful in treating mood disorders, suicidal ideation, and for change in behavioral patterns such as self-harm and substance use. DBT evolved into a process in which the therapist and client work with acceptance and change-oriented strategies, and ultimately balance and synthesize them, in a manner comparable to the philosophical dialectical process of hypothesis and antithesis, followed by synthesis. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000252 biolink:NamedThing behavioral therapy A broad term referring to clinical psychotherapy that uses techniques derived from behaviorism.|Therapeutic approach that may employ classical conditioning, operant learning techniques, or other behavioral techniques, in an attempt to eliminate or modify problem behavior, addressing itself primarily to the client's overt behavior, as opposed to thoughts, feelings, or other cognitive processes. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D015928 biolink:NamedThing cognitive behavioral therapy A type of psychotherapy utilized to treat different forms of mental disorders.The treatment involves the identification of unhelpful or destructive patterns of thinking and behaviors and the subsequent replacement with behaviors that are beneficial and constructive. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000280 biolink:NamedThing aversive therapy A treatment that suppresses undesirable behavior by simultaneously exposing the subject to unpleasant consequences.|Aversion therapy is a form of psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort. This conditioning is intended to cause the patient to associate the stimulus with unpleasant sensations with the intention of quelling the targeted (sometimes compulsive) behavior. Aversion therapies can take many forms, for example: placing unpleasant-tasting substances on the fingernails to discourage nail-chewing; pairing the use of an emetic with the experience of alcohol; or pairing behavior with electric shocks of mild to higher intensities. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000077253 biolink:NamedThing online social networking Connectivity facilitated by computer-based communications among persons with family, work, or other common interests. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D060756 biolink:NamedThing social networking Individuals connecting by family, work or other interests. It also includes connectivity facilitated by computer-based communications. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000077823 biolink:NamedThing medical dictionary A reference book containing a list of words related to medicine-usually in alphabetic order-giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000680 biolink:NamedThing online dictionary A dictionary that is accessible via the internet. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004445 biolink:NamedThing subculture dictionary A dictionary about or otherwise related to a particular subculture or subcultures. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004481 biolink:NamedThing slang dictionary A reference book containing an alphabetical list of slang, which is vernacular vocabulary not generally acceptable in formal usage, usually including information given for each word, including meaning, pronunciation, and etymology. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004641 biolink:NamedThing sexology dictionary A dictionary covering sexological subjects or terms related to sexology. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000079102 biolink:NamedThing empowerment Process of increasing the capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into desired actions as deigned by the individuals or groups. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D011209 biolink:NamedThing power Outcome of the process of increasing the capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into desired actions as deigned by the individuals or groups. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_003217 biolink:NamedThing socio-political power The capacity of an individual to influence the conduct (behavior) of others. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001586 biolink:NamedThing 46,XX intersex condition Any of various intersex conditions experienced by persons with a 46,XX karyotype. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001585 biolink:NamedThing progestin-induced virilization Virilization induced by maternal use of androgens or high doses of certain weakly androgenic synthetic progestogens (progestins) structurally related to testosterone can masculinize (virilize) the external genitalia of a female fetus during susceptible times in pregnancy. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_006969 biolink:NamedThing hyperandrogenism A condition caused by the excessive secretion of androgens from the adrenal cortex; the ovaries; or the testes. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are hirsutism and virilism as seen in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and adrenocortical hyperfunction. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012514 biolink:NamedThing de la Chapelle syndrome A rare congenital intersex condition in which an individual with a 46,XX karyotype develops stereotypical phenotypically male characteristics to some degree. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C120144 biolink:NamedThing aromatase deficiency Deficiency of activity of the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C35408 biolink:NamedThing adrenal hyperplasia A congenital or acquired hyperplasia of the cells of the adrenal cortex or medulla. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000329 biolink:NamedThing advertising A marketing communication that employs an openly sponsored, non-personal message to promote or sell a product, service or idea. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C53292 biolink:NamedThing marketing Activity involved in transfer of goods from producer to consumer or in the exchange of services.|The commercial processes involved in promoting and selling and distributing a product or service. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_003819 biolink:NamedThing marketing by target group Marketing types organized by intended and/or actual target audience. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000680 biolink:NamedThing amyl nitrite A chemical compound with the formula C5H11ONO. A variety of isomers are known, but they all feature an amyl group attached to the nitrite functional group. The alkyl group is unreactive and the chemical and biological properties are mainly due to the nitrite group. Like other alkyl nitrites, amyl nitrite is bioactive in mammals, being a vasodilator, which is the basis of its use as a prescription medicine. As an inhalant, it also has a psychoactive effect, which has led to its recreational use with its smell being described as that of old socks or dirty feet.[1] It is also referred to as banapple gas.|A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007904 biolink:NamedThing alkyl nitrite a group of chemical compounds based upon the molecular structure R-ONO. Formally they are alkyl esters of nitrous acid. They are distinct from nitro compounds.. Alkyl nitrites were initially, and largely still are used as medications and chemical reagents, a practice which began in the late 19th century. In their use as medicine, are often inhaled for relief of angina and other heart-related symptoms of disease. However, when referred to as "poppers", alkyl nitrites represent recreational drugs. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000697 biolink:NamedThing central nervous system stimulant A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.|Any agent capable of having a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D002491 biolink:NamedThing central nervous system drug A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms. They can be divided into "specific" agents, e.g., affecting an identifiable molecular mechanism unique to target cells bearing receptors for that agent, and "nonspecific" agents, those producing effects on different target cells and acting by diverse molecular mechanisms. Those with nonspecific mechanisms are generally further classed according to whether they produce behavioral depression or stimulation. Those with specific mechanisms are classed by locus of action or specific therapeutic use. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C241 biolink:NamedThing analgesic agent An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.|Compounds that alleviate pain without loss of consciousness. Analgesics act by various mechanisms including binding with opioid receptors and decreasing inflammation. Choice of analgesic may be determined by the type of pain. These compounds include opioid, non-opioid and adjuvant analgesic agents. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C67413 biolink:NamedThing opioid receptor agonist An agent that selectively binds to and activates an opioid receptor.|Any agent that binds to and activates any of the opioid receptor subtypes. Opioid receptor agonists mimic the actions of endogenous opioid peptides. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D001009 biolink:NamedThing castration anxiety Anxiety due to fantasized injuries to or loss of the genitals. GSSO_relaxed.owl SIO:000815 biolink:NamedThing anxiety Anxiety is an emotion charactersized by intense feeling of fear and concern coupled with a physical response. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D060805 biolink:NamedThing performance anxiety Anxiety related to the execution of a task. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D001061 biolink:NamedThing Appalachian Region A geographical area of the United States with no definite boundaries but comprising northeastern Alabama, northwestern Georgia, northwestern South Carolina, western North Carolina, eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, western Virginia, West Virginia, western Maryland, southwestern Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, and southern New York. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D014481 biolink:NamedThing United States A country in North America, between Canada and Mexico, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006114 biolink:NamedThing Great Lakes Region The geographic area of the Great Lakes in general and when the specific state or states are not indicated. It usually includes Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008873 biolink:NamedThing Mid-Atlantic Region A geographical area of the United States comprising the District of Columbia, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D009511 biolink:NamedThing New England The geographic area of New England in general and when the specific state or states are not indicated. States usually included in this region are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D015144 biolink:NamedThing Southeastern United States The area in the United States comprised of the following states: Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama and Mississippi.|The geographic area of the southeastern region of the United States in general or when the specific state or states are not included. The states usually included in this region are Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, West Virginia, and Virginia. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D015146 biolink:NamedThing Midwestern United States The geographic area of the midwestern region of the United States in general or when the specific state or states are not indicated. The states usually included in this region are Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wisconsin. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D015205 biolink:NamedThing Northwestern United States The geographic area of the northwestern region of the United States. The states usually included in this region are Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D015206 biolink:NamedThing Southwestern United States The geographic area of the southwestern region of the United States. The states usually included in this region are Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D019601 biolink:NamedThing Pacific States The area in the United States comprised of the following states: Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California and Hawaii.|The geographic designation for states bordering on or located in the Pacific Ocean. The states so designated are Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D001154 biolink:NamedThing art A diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual ideas, or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_002368 biolink:NamedThing basic humanities Humanities fields that form the basis of humanities studies; i.e. non-applied humanities. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006664 biolink:NamedThing history Record and study of past events. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008091 biolink:NamedThing literature Writings having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest. The body of written works produced in a particular language, country, or age. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D010684 biolink:NamedThing philosophy The study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D012067 biolink:NamedThing religion A set of beliefs concerning the nature, cause, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency. It usually involves devotional and ritual observances and often a moral code for the conduct of human affairs. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D001359 biolink:NamedThing aviation The processes surrounding mechanical flight and the airplane industry. GSSO_relaxed.owl ENVO:02000125 biolink:NamedThing transportation A planned process that is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D001364 biolink:NamedThing awareness Knowing that something exists, or having knowledge or experience of a particular thing; having special interest in or experience of something and so being well informed of what is happening in that subject at the present time. GSSO_relaxed.owl EFO:0003925 biolink:NamedThing cognition Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism becomes aware of or obtains knowledge. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D003073 biolink:NamedThing cognitive dissonance Motivational state produced by inconsistencies between simultaneously held cognitions or between a cognition and behavior; e.g., smoking enjoyment and believing smoking is harmful are dissonant. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004765 biolink:NamedThing imagination A new pattern of perceptual or ideational material derived from past experience. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_005375 biolink:NamedThing cue A signal for an action, a pattern of stimuli indicating a particular response. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009662 biolink:NamedThing ideation Process of idea or image formation. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_010862 biolink:NamedThing linguistic process Any of the various cognitive processes involved in producing and understanding linguistic communication. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D001424 biolink:NamedThing bacterial infection An infection caused by a bacterium. GSSO_relaxed.owl IDO:0000586 biolink:NamedThing infection A part of an extended organism that itself has as part a population of one or more infectious agents and that (1) exists as a result of processes initiated by members of the infectious agent population and is (2) clinically abnormal in virtue of the presence of this infectious agent population, or (3) has a disposition to bring clinical abnormality to immunocompetent organisms of the same Species as the host (the organism corresponding to the extended organism) through transmission of a member or offspring of a member of the infectious agent population. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004861 biolink:NamedThing infection by site Infections organized by the primary area of infection. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_006355 biolink:NamedThing parasitic infection A successful invasion of a host by an organism that uses the host for food and shelter.|Infections or infestations with parasites. They are often contracted through contact with an intermediate vector, but may occur as the result of direct exposure. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012770 biolink:NamedThing sexually transmitted and blood-borne infection Any of various infections which can be passed from one organism to another either via sexual interactions or by exchange of blood or other bodily fluids. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C3245 biolink:NamedThing fungal infection An infection caused by a fungus. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C3439 biolink:NamedThing viral infection An infection caused by a virus. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D001522 biolink:NamedThing animal behavior The observable response an animal makes to any situation. GSSO_relaxed.owl GO:0007610 biolink:NamedThing behavior The actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment or surrounding world of stimuli. GSSO_relaxed.owl GO:0007631 biolink:NamedThing feeding behavior Behavior associated with the intake of food. GSSO_relaxed.owl GO:0019098 biolink:NamedThing reproductive behavior The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. GSSO_relaxed.owl GO:0051705 biolink:NamedThing multi-organism behavior Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species. GSSO_relaxed.owl GO:0061744 biolink:NamedThing motor behavior The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli. GSSO_relaxed.owl GO:0071625 biolink:NamedThing vocalization behavior The behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000413 biolink:NamedThing sexual behavior A form of physical intimacy that can be directed to reproduction (one possible goal of sexual intercourse) and/or to enjoying the body of someone else; activities associated with sexual intercourse.|Totality of normal and abnormal, conscious and unconscious, overt and covert sensations, thoughts, feelings, and actions related to sexual organs and other erotogenic zones, including goals and techniques. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001806 biolink:NamedThing unusual behavior Behavior that is considered out of the ordinary, uncommon, or unexpected from a person or nonhuman animal given their previous patterns of behavior. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004692 biolink:NamedThing habit A pattern of repeat behavior requiring little conscious thought. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_006416 biolink:NamedThing behavioral script A sequence of expected behaviors for a given situation. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D001604 biolink:NamedThing Berlin The capital of Germany. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D002947 biolink:NamedThing city A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D009519 biolink:NamedThing New York City City located at the mouth of the Hudson River, in New York State. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D012495 biolink:NamedThing San Francisco A city in northern California. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001999 biolink:NamedThing Lima The capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillon, Rimac and Lurin rivers, on a coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. It forms a contiguous urban area with the seaport of Callao. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003561 biolink:NamedThing Brussels The largest municipality and historical center of the Brussels-Capital Region, and the capital of Belgium. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003798 biolink:NamedThing Tokyo Capital of the country of Japan. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00069209 biolink:NamedThing City of Toronto The largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. Its borders are formed by Lake Ontario to the south, Etobicoke Creek and Highway 427 to the west, Steeles Avenue to the north and the Rouge River to the east. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00070432 biolink:NamedThing City of Montreal The second-largest city in Canada and the largest city in the province of Quebec. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00158460 biolink:NamedThing City of Fort Lauderdale A city in Broward County, Florida, United States. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_02000355 biolink:NamedThing Sydney An administrative region that comprises the Sydney central business district and the surrounding inner west and inner city suburbs of the greater metropolitan area of Sydney, Australia. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D001724 biolink:NamedThing birth weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at birth. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D001835 biolink:NamedThing body weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D020567 biolink:NamedThing fetal weight The weight of the fetus in utero. It is usually estimated by various formulas based on measurements made during prenatal ultrasonography. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009637 biolink:NamedThing human body weight The weight of a human body. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009638 biolink:NamedThing infant weight The weight of an infant. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009631 biolink:NamedThing birth size The physical measurements of a body shortly after birth. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D001827 biolink:NamedThing body height The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009627 biolink:NamedThing body size The physical measurements of a body. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009633 biolink:NamedThing body frame size The categorization of a person's body frame into small, medium and large based on the measurement of wrist circumference or the breadth of the elbow. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D002140 biolink:NamedThing California A state on the western coast of the United States. Its capital is Sacramento.|State bounded on the east by Nevada and Arizona, on the south by Mexico and the Pacific Ocean on the south and west, and on the north by Oregon. GSSO_relaxed.owl SIO:010038 biolink:NamedThing drug Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. GSSO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:51061 biolink:NamedThing hormone receptor modulator A drug that modulates the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites. GSSO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:90710 biolink:NamedThing receptor modulator A drug that acts as an antagonist, agonist, reverse agonist, or in some other fashion when interacting with cellular receptors. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_006407 biolink:NamedThing date rape drug Any drug that incapacitates another person and renders them vulnerable to a sexual assault, including rape. The substances are associated with date rape because of reported incidents of their use in the context of two people dating, during which the victim is sexually assaulted or raped, or suffers other indignities. The substances are not exclusively used to perpetrate sexual assault or rape, but are the properties or side-effects of substances normally used for legitimate medical purposes. One of the most common incapacitating agents for date rape is alcohol, administered either surreptitiously or consumed voluntarily, rendering the victim unable to make informed decisions or give consent. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007705 biolink:NamedThing recreational drug A drug used for personal enjoyment rather than for medicinal purposes. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007925 biolink:NamedThing pharmaceutical drug Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000448 biolink:NamedThing geographic location The continents and countries situated on those continents; the United States and each of the constituent states arranged by region; Canada and each of its provinces; Australia and each of its states; the major bodies of water and major islands on both hemispheres; and selected major cities. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D017516 biolink:NamedThing historical geographic location Countries known in remote history (as Byzantium) or former names of countries reflecting political changes in the 19th or 20th century (as Germany, East). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000013 biolink:NamedThing continent One of the large landmasses of the earth. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000468 biolink:NamedThing Oceania A grouping term including Australia, New Zealand, the southwestern islands of the Pacific Ocean and the eastern islands of the Australasian Mediterranean Sea.|A term used to refer to Polynesia (including New Zealand), Melanesia (including New Guinea), Micronesia as a whole, and Australia.|The islands of the central and South Pacific, including Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and traditionally Australasia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000590 biolink:NamedThing oceans and seas A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003981 biolink:NamedThing British Overseas Territory Any of various territories all with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom. They are the last remnants of the former British Empire and do not form part of the United Kingdom itself. Some of the permanently inhabited territories are internally self-governing, with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations with foreign and defence not extending to Norfolk Island. Three of the territories are inhabited only by a transitory population of military or scientific personnel. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_01000020 biolink:NamedThing biogeographic location An area which has similar or shared biological characteristics throughout, such as similar plant and animal life. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_008481 biolink:NamedThing neighborhood A geographically localized community within a larger city, town, suburb or rural area. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009939 biolink:NamedThing Americas GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009940 biolink:NamedThing supercontinent The assembly of most or all of Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass. However, some earth scientists use a different definition: "a grouping of formerly dispersed continents", which leaves room for interpretation and is easier to apply to Precambrian times, although a minimum of about 75% of the continental crust then in existence has been proposed as a limit to separate supercontinents from other groupings. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C25464 biolink:NamedThing country A collective generic term that refers here to a wide variety of dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, uninhabited islands, and other entities in addition to the traditional countries or independent states. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C80230 biolink:NamedThing street A public road in a populated area (such as a town or a city) with buildings on both sides. A street is usually shorter than and runs perpendicular to an avenue.|A thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D003075 biolink:NamedThing coitus The sexual union of a male and a female, a term used for human only. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000424 biolink:NamedThing human sexual behavior Sexual activities of humans.|Sexual behavior, both reproductively and non-reproductively motivated, observed in humans. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D012746 biolink:NamedThing sexual abstinence Refraining from sexual intercourse for any reason. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000419 biolink:NamedThing human sexuality The sexual functions, activities, attitudes, and orientations of an individual human being. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001239 biolink:NamedThing conventional sexual behavior Sexual behavior considered conventional in the sense of a societal norm. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001240 biolink:NamedThing unconventional sexual behavior Sexual behavior considered unconventional in the sense of a societal norm. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001900 biolink:NamedThing contraceptive behavior Behavior patterns of persons using contraception or in their specific use of contraception. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_003626 biolink:NamedThing situational sexual behavior Situational sexual behavior differs from that which the person normally exhibits, due to a social environment that in some way permits, encourages, or compels the behavior in question. This can also include situations where a person's usual sexual behavior may not be possible, so rather than not engaging in sexual activity at all, they may engage in different sexual behaviors. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004757 biolink:NamedThing high-risk sexual behavior Sexual behavior that has a significantly high chance of resulting in the transmission of sexual infections, unplanned pregnancy, or other negative consequences. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_006841 biolink:NamedThing sexual expression How one chooses (or is forced) to express their sexuality. GSSO_relaxed.owl HP:0008768 biolink:NamedThing inappropriate sexual behavior Human sexual behavior deemed inappropriate. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000756 biolink:NamedThing sexual intercourse Sexual interaction between at least two organisms which involves contact and is expected to culminate in orgasm or orgasms for one or all of the parties involved. GSSO_relaxed.owl GO:0007620 biolink:NamedThing copulation The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000757 biolink:NamedThing non-penetrative sexual intercourse Sexual activity that usually does not include sexual penetration. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000758 biolink:NamedThing penetrative sexual intercourse Insertion of a body part or other object into a bodily orifice for the purposes of sexual pleasure. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000777 biolink:NamedThing digital intercourse Any of various penetrative and non-penetrative sex acts involving the finger or multiple fingers. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000782 biolink:NamedThing mutual masturbation Stimulation of genitals by two or more people who stimulate themselves or one another. Such acts may be penetrative, non-penetrative, or both. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_003189 biolink:NamedThing protected sexual intercourse Sexual intercourse with the use of precautions to prevent conception or the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_003190 biolink:NamedThing unprotected sexual intercourse Sexual intercourse without the use of precautions to prevent conception or the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004028 biolink:NamedThing male-male sexual intercourse Sexual intercourse as it takes place between two men. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004029 biolink:NamedThing female-female sexual intercourse Sexual intercourse as it takes place between two women. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004030 biolink:NamedThing male-female sexual intercourse Sexual intercourse as it takes place between a man and a woman. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004044 biolink:NamedThing group sexual intercourse Sexual intercourse involving more than two participants. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004267 biolink:NamedThing public sexual intercourse Sexual intercourse occurring in public places. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004268 biolink:NamedThing private sexual intercourse Sexual intercourse occurring in private quarters or spaces. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004269 biolink:NamedThing casual sexual intercourse Sexual intercourse which takes place outside the boundaries of a committed relationship, implying a lack of emotional attachment or necessary familiarity with sexaul partners. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004780 biolink:NamedThing forced sexual intercourse Sexual intercourse that is forced upon one, both, or more parties involved. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007681 biolink:NamedThing penile intercourse Any of various penetrative and non-penetrative sex acts involving the penis. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012807 biolink:NamedThing sexual intercourse with internal ejaculation A sexual act, commonly featured in pornography, in which an individual ejaculates inside their partner's vagina or anus without use of a condom, resulting in visible seeping or dripping of semen from the vagina or anus. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D003076 biolink:NamedThing coitus interruptus A birth control method adopted during sexual intercourse by withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.|A contraceptive method whereby coitus is purposely interrupted in order to prevent ejaculation of semen into the vagina. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000766 biolink:NamedThing penis-in-vagina intercourse Sexual intercourse in which the penis is inserted into the vagina. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001366 biolink:NamedThing penis captivus Occurrence in penile-vaginal intercourse when the muscles in the vagina clamp down on the penis much more firmly than usual, making it impossible for the penis to withdraw from the vagina. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001368 biolink:NamedThing coitus reservatus Coitus reservatus is a form of sexual intercourse in which the penetrative partner does not attempt to ejaculate within the receptive partner, but instead attempts to remain at the plateau phase of intercourse for as long as possible avoiding the seminal emission. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012809 biolink:NamedThing vaginal sexual intercourse with internal ejaculation A sexual act, commonly featured in pornography, in which an individual ejaculates inside their partner's vagina without use of a condom, resulting in visible seeping or dripping of semen from the vagina. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012813 biolink:NamedThing vaginal sexual intercourse without vaginal lubrication Removing or preventing vaginal lubrication through practices associated with dry sex increases friction during intercourse, which may be perceived as increased vaginal tightness, and enhanced sexual pleasure for the male partner. Some men who insist on dry sex regard "wet" women as unchaste. Dry sex can be painful for women and men. Dry sex is common in Sub-Saharan Africa and it has also been reported in Suriname among Afro-Surinamese women. The practice has been linked to the high incidence of HIV/AIDS infection in South Africa.|The sexual practice of having sexual intercourse without vaginal lubrication. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012814 biolink:NamedThing vaginal sexual intercourse with vaginal lubrication Vaginal intercourse with natural or artificial lubricant. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012822 biolink:NamedThing kakyabali A Rwanda-Rundi name given to a sexual practice found in the Great Lakes region of East Africa which is meant to facilitate a woman's orgasm and ejaculation during intercourse. Kunyaza typically involves a non-penetrative phase, and then a penetrative phase, in progression. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_003341 biolink:NamedThing natural penile contraception Penile contraception utilizing non-medical methods. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001922 biolink:NamedThing coitus saxonicus Squeezing of the urethra at the base of the penis during coitus immediately prior to ejaculation in order to induce retrograde ejaculation as a form of rudimentary contraception. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_003361 biolink:NamedThing coital behavioral contraception Contraception revolving behaviors of at least one partner during coitus. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D003144 biolink:NamedThing communication barrier Those factors, such as language or sociocultural relationships, which interfere in the meaningful interpretation and transmission of ideas between individuals or groups. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C16452 biolink:NamedThing communication The exchange of information between objects, people, or groups.|The exchange or transmission of ideas, attitudes, or beliefs between individuals or groups. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D007802 biolink:NamedThing language A systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds, symbols, or gestures.|A verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings.|Language is a language entity which is the result of encoding and decoding information through systematic creation and usage of systems of symbols, each pairing a specific sign with an intended meaning, established through social conventions. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D009633 biolink:NamedThing nonverbal communication Transmission of emotions, ideas, and attitudes between individuals in ways other than the spoken language. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D014705 biolink:NamedThing verbal behavior Includes both producing and responding to words, either written or spoken. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000086 biolink:NamedThing social communication Social communication is the use of language in social contexts. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_005654 biolink:NamedThing propaganda The deliberate attempt to influence attitudes and beliefs for furthering one's cause or damaging an opponent's cause. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C17465 biolink:NamedThing personal communication The exchange of information between people. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D003195 biolink:NamedThing computer communication network A system containing any combination of computers, computer terminals, printers, audio or visual display devices, or telephones interconnected by telecommunications equipment or cables: used to transmit or receive information. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000173 biolink:NamedThing computer network A digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources. In computer networks, computing devices exchange data with each other using connections (data links) between nodes. These data links are established over cable media such as wires or optic cables, or wireless media such as Wi-Fi. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000185 biolink:NamedThing area network Computer networks assigned particular geographic scopes or classified by scale of area. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D003220 biolink:NamedThing conflict A clash of interest. The basis of conflict may vary but, it is always a part of society. Basis of conflict- personal, racial, class, caste, political and international. Conflict in groups often follows a specific course. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D009042 biolink:NamedThing motivation The reason for people's actions, willingness and goals. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D004328 biolink:NamedThing drive A state of internal activity of an organism that is a necessary condition before a given stimulus will elicit a class of responses; e.g., a certain level of hunger (drive) must be present before food will elicit an eating response. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D003259 biolink:NamedThing consummatory behavior An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000426 biolink:NamedThing mammalian behavior The observable response a mammal makes to any situation. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000437 biolink:NamedThing animal social behavior Social behaviors in animals.|Social interactions that occur between two or more individual animals, usually of the same species. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001804 biolink:NamedThing abnormal animal behavior Any of various abnormal behaviors observed in animals. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D003267 biolink:NamedThing contraception Prevention of conception by blocking fertility temporarily, or permanently. Common means of reversible contraception include natural family planning methods; contraceptive agents; or contraceptive devices.|The prevention of conception or impregnation by the use of devices or drugs or surgery. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001371 biolink:NamedThing reproductive technique Methods pertaining to the generation of new individuals, including techniques used in selective breeding, cloning (cloning, organism), and assisted reproduction. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D027724 biolink:NamedThing assisted reproductive technique Clinical and laboratory techniques used to enhance fertility in humans and animals. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D003376 biolink:NamedThing counseling The giving of advice and assistance to individuals with educational or personal problems. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008605 biolink:NamedThing mental health service Organized services to provide mental health care. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D003577 biolink:NamedThing cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase A superfamily of hundreds of closely related hemeproteins found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (mixed function oxygenases). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (biotransformation). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006899 biolink:NamedThing mixed function oxygenase Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (coenzymes) required in the mixed-function oxidation. GSSO_relaxed.owl https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/1.13.12.- biolink:NamedThing internal monooxygenase Any of various oxygenases with incorporation of one atom of oxygen. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D003604 biolink:NamedThing Czechoslovakia Created as a republic in 1918 by Czechs and Slovaks from territories formerly part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The country split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia 1 January 1993. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D005859 biolink:NamedThing East Germany The former German Democratic Republic which was reunified with the former Federal Republic of Germany in 1990. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D005860 biolink:NamedThing West Germany The former Federal Republic of Germany which was reunified with the former German Democratic Republic in 1990. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D012425 biolink:NamedThing Russian Empire A monarchy located in north Asia bordering the Arctic Ocean, extending from Europe (the portion west of the Urals) to the North Pacific Ocean. St Petersburg was the capital 1712-1918. Moscow was the capital before St. Petersburg and following it. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D014586 biolink:NamedThing USSR A country located from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean and, for a time including 15 Soviet Socialist Republics. The capital was Moscow. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D015022 biolink:NamedThing Yugoslavia Created as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in 1918. Yugoslavia became the official name in 1929. Bosnia-Herzegovina; Croatia; and Slovenia formed independent countries 7 April 1992. Macedonia became independent 8 February 1994 as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Macedonia Republic). GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D055787 biolink:NamedThing Kingdom of Prussia A German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871 and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. Although it took its name from the region called Prussia, it was based in the Margraviate of Brandenburg, where its capital was Berlin.|Former state in north central Germany. Formally abolished March 1, 1947. Kingdom established 1701. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D057214 biolink:NamedThing Ottoman Empire A sultanate comprised at various times of parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Its period extends generally from 1301 to 1922. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D057235 biolink:NamedThing Austria-Hungary A dual monarchy formed in 1867. It included Austria; Hungary; Czechoslovakia; Moravia, Bukovina, Transylvania, Carniola, Kustenland, Dalmatia, Croatia; Fiume, and Galicia. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D060786 biolink:NamedThing Holy Roman Empire Realm in central Europe consisting of a confederation of German and Italian territories under the suzerainty of an emperor and existing from the 9th or 10th century to 1806. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001483 biolink:NamedThing United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland A sovereign state established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001484 biolink:NamedThing Irish Free State A state established in 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921. That treaty ended the three-year Irish War of Independence between the forces of the self-proclaimed Irish Republic, the Irish Republican Army (IRA), and British Crown forces. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001485 biolink:NamedThing Kingdom of Great Britain A sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 1 January 1801. The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706, ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of England (which included Wales) and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands, with the exception of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001486 biolink:NamedThing Kingdom of Ireland A client state of England and then of Great Britain that existed from 1542 until 1800. It was ruled by the monarchs of England and then of Great Britain in personal union with their other realms. The kingdom was administered from Dublin Castle nominally by the King or Queen, who appointed a viceroy (the Lord Deputy, later Lord Lieutenant) to rule in their stead. It had its own legislature (the Parliament of Ireland), peerage (the Peerage of Ireland), legal system, and state church (the Protestant Church of Ireland). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001487 biolink:NamedThing Kingdom of England A sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 927, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001488 biolink:NamedThing Kingdom of Scotland A sovereign state in northwest Europe traditionally said to have been founded in 843. Its territories expanded and shrank, but it came to occupy the northern third of the island of Great Britain, sharing a land border to the south with the Kingdom of England. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001489 biolink:NamedThing Serbia and Montenegro A country in Southeast Europe, created from the two remaining federal republics of Yugoslavia after its breakup in 1992. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001490 biolink:NamedThing Russian Republic A short-lived state which controlled, de jure, the territory of the former Russian Empire after its proclamation by the Russian Provisional Government on 1 September (14 September, N.S.) 1917 in a decree signed by Alexander Kerensky as Minister-President and Alexander Zarudny as Minister of Justice. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001491 biolink:NamedThing Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic An independent state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest, most populous and most economically developed of the 15 Soviet socialist republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1990, then a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, during the last two years of the existence of the USSR. The Russian Republic comprised sixteen smaller constituent units of autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. The capital of the Russian SFSR was Moscow and the other major urban centers included Leningrad, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001492 biolink:NamedThing Allied-occupied Germany Upon defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, the victorious Allies asserted joint authority and sovereignty over 'Germany as a whole', defined as all territories of the former German Reich west of the Oder–Neisse line, having declared the destruction of Nazi Germany at the death of Adolf Hitler. The four powers divided 'Germany as a whole' into four occupation zones for administrative purposes, under the United States, United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union respectively; creating what became collectively known as Allied-occupied Germany. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001493 biolink:NamedThing Nazi Germany The common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party (NSDAP) controlled the country through a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich (German Reich) until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich) from 1943 to 1945. Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich (Drittes Reich), meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", the first two being the Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and the German Empire (1871–1918). The Nazi regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001494 biolink:NamedThing Weimar Republic An unofficial historical designation for the German state from 1918 to 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place. The official name of the republic remained Deutsches Reich (’German Reich’) unchanged from 1871, because of the German tradition of substates. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001495 biolink:NamedThing German Empire The German nation state that existed from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001496 biolink:NamedThing North German Confederation The German federal state which existed from July 1867 to December 1870. Although de jure a confederacy of equal states, the Confederation was de facto controlled and led by the largest and most powerful member, Prussia, which exercised its influence to bring about the formation of the German Empire. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001497 biolink:NamedThing Austrian Empire A Central European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, it was the third most populous empire after the Russian Empire and the United Kingdom in Europe. Along with Prussia, it was one of the two major powers of the German Confederation. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_002285 biolink:NamedThing Free State of Prussia A state of Germany from 1918 to 1947.|Former state in north central Germany. Formally abolished March 1, 1947. Kingdom established 1701. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_002286 biolink:NamedThing Polish People's Republic A country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989, and the predecessor of the modern democratic Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million inhabitants near the end of its existence, it was the most populous state of the Eastern Bloc after the Soviet Union. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004090 biolink:NamedThing Kingdom of Italy A state which existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946—when civil discontent led an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic. The state was founded as a result of the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered its legal predecessor state. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004092 biolink:NamedThing French Third Republic The system of government adopted in France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940 after France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004093 biolink:NamedThing Second French Empire The regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004094 biolink:NamedThing United Kingdom of the Netherlands The unofficial name given to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as it existed between 1815 and 1839. The United Netherlands was created in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars through the fusion of territories that had belonged to the former Dutch Republic, Austrian Netherlands, and Prince-Bishopric of Liège. The polity was a constitutional monarchy, ruled by William I of the House of Orange-Nassau. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004102 biolink:NamedThing First French Empire The empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007422 biolink:NamedThing Royaume de France A medieval and early modern monarchy in Western Europe. It was among the most powerful states in Europe and a great power since the Late Middle Ages and the Hundred Years' War. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007423 biolink:NamedThing French First Republic A republic founded on 22 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The First Republic lasted until the declaration of the First Empire in 1804 under Napoleon, although the form of the government changed several times. This period was characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the establishment of the National Convention and the Reign of Terror, the Thermidorian Reaction and the founding of the Directory, and, finally, the creation of the Consulate and Napoleon's rise to power. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009840 biolink:NamedThing Kingdom of Ndongo An early-modern African state located in what is now Angola. The Kingdom of Ndongo is first recorded in the sixteenth century. It was one of multiple vassal states to Kongo, though Ndongo was the most powerful of these with a king called the Ngola. Little is known of the kingdom in the early sixteenth century. "Angola" was listed among the titles of the King of Kongo in 1535, so it is likely that it was in somewhat subordinate to Kongo. Its own oral traditions, collected in the late sixteenth century, particularly by the Jesuit Baltasar Barreira, described the founder of the kingdom, Ngola Kiluanje, also known as Ngola Inene, as a migrant from Kongo, chief of a Kimbundu-speaking ethnic group. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_010943 biolink:NamedThing Ethiopian Empire A monarchy that spanned a geographical area in the current states of Ethiopia and Eritrea. It began with the establishment of the Solomonic dynasty by Yekuno Amlak from approximately 1270 and lasted until 1974, when Emperor Haile Selassie was overthrown in a coup d'état by the communist Derg. It was throughout much of its existence surrounded by hostile forces in the African Horn however it managed to preserve and develop its ancient form of Christianity based kingdom. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_010955 biolink:NamedThing Alamannia The territory inhabited by the Germanic Alemanni peoples after they broke through the Roman limes in 213. The Alemanni expanded from the Main River basin during the 3rd century, raiding Roman provinces and settling on the left bank of the Rhine River beginning in the 4th century. Ruled by independent tribal kings during the 4th to 5th centuries, Ruled by independent tribal kings during the 4th to 5th centuries, Alamannia lost its independence and became a duchy of the Frankish Empire in the 6th century. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_010961 biolink:NamedThing Duchy of Alsace Any of various duchies in Alsace. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_010962 biolink:NamedThing Duchy of Alamannia Any of various duchies in Alamannia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012567 biolink:NamedThing Kingdom of Serbia A country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882. Since 1817, the Principality was ruled by the Obrenović dynasty (replaced by the Karađorđević dynasty for a short time). The Principality, under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, de facto achieved full independence when the last Ottoman troops left Belgrade in 1867. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognized the formal independence of the Principality of Serbia, and in its composition Nišava, Pirot, Toplica and Vranje districts entered the South part of Serbia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012571 biolink:NamedThing French Fourth Republic The republican government of France from 27 October 1946 to 4 October 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution. It was in many ways a revival of the Third Republic that was in place from 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War to 1940 during World War II, and suffered many of the same problems. France adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on 13 October 1946. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012577 biolink:NamedThing Soviet Ukraine One of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from the Union's inception in 1922 until its breakup in 1991. In the anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the republic was referred to simply as Ukraine. The republic was governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union through its republican branch, the Communist Party of Ukraine, as a union republic of the Soviet Union, which existed as a highly centralized one-party state. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D004268 biolink:NamedThing DNA-binding protein Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. GSSO_relaxed.owl CHEBI:36080 biolink:NamedThing protein A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome.|A group of complex organic macromolecules composed of one or more chains (linear polymers) of alpha-L-amino acids linked by peptide bonds and ranging in size from a few thousand to over 1 million Daltons. Proteins are fundamental genetically encoded components of living cells with specific structures and functions dictated by amino acid sequence.|A protein is an organic polymer that is composed of one or more linear polymers of amino acids. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D004798 biolink:NamedThing enzyme Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however catalytic RNA and catalytic DNA molecules have also been identified. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D004358 biolink:NamedThing drug therapy The use of drugs to treat a disease or its symptoms; or to aid in alleviating any of other various problems,, issues, or conditions. One example is the use of antineoplastic agents to treat cancer. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001370 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure An action or administration of therapeutic agents to produce an effect that is intended to alter or stop a pathologic process. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000133 biolink:NamedThing psychiatric therapy A psychiatric action or administration of psychiatric therapeutic agents to produce an effect that is intended to alter or stop a pathologic process (or a process considered pathologic in nature). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_006277 biolink:NamedThing voice therapy Voice therapy consists of techniques and procedures that target vocal parameters, such as vocal fold closure, pitch, volume, and quality. This therapy is provided by speech-language pathologists and is primarily used to aid in the management of voice disorders, or for altering the overall quality of voice, as in the case of transgender voice therapy. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007849 biolink:NamedThing therapeutic procedure by site or system Therapeutic procedures organized by anatomical site, system, or location. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C15187 biolink:NamedThing biological therapy A type of treatment that uses substances derived from or made by living organisms to treat disease; this includes both naturally occurring and synthetic products. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C15697 biolink:NamedThing treatment regimen A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C20985 biolink:NamedThing ablation therapy Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, morbid process, or noxious substance. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D004505 biolink:NamedThing nonprofessional education Education and training outside that for the professions. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C16529 biolink:NamedThing education Acquisition of knowledge as a result of instruction in a formal course of study.|The activities of educating or instructing or teaching; activities that impart knowledge or skill. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_011378 biolink:NamedThing academic education Education within an academic institution or institutions. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D004534 biolink:NamedThing Egypt A country in North Africa that includes the Sinai Peninsula, a land bridge to Asia. Egypt borders Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and the Gaza Strip and Israel to the east. The northern coast borders the Mediterranean Sea and the island of Cyprus; the eastern coast borders the Red Sea. Egypt is divided into 26 governorates (in Arabic, called muhafazat, singular muhafazah). The governorates are further divided into regions (markazes). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000463 biolink:NamedThing Australia The continent and country between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean, south of Asia.|The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000469 biolink:NamedThing New Zealand A country in the Pacific, comprised of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia.|A group of islands in the southwest Pacific. Its capital is Wellington. It was discovered by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642 and circumnavigated by Cook in 1769. Colonized in 1840 by the New Zealand Company, it became a British crown colony in 1840 until 1907 when colonial status was terminated. New Zealand is a partly anglicized form of the original Dutch name Nieuw Zeeland, new sea land, possibly with reference to the Dutch province of Zeeland. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000558 biolink:NamedThing Turkey A Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace (Rumelia) in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey borders eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west, Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhichevan), and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea and Archipelago are to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. Separating Anatolia and Thrace are the Sea of Marmara and the Turkish Straits (the Bosporus and the Dardanelles), which are commonly reckoned to delineate the border between Asia and Europe, thereby making Turkey transcontinental. The territory of Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces for administrative purposes. The provinces are organized into 7 regions for census purposes; however, they do not represent an administrative structure. Each province is divided into districts, for a total of 923 districts. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000560 biolink:NamedThing Sudan A country in North Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. Sudan is divided into twenty-six states (wilayat, singular wilayah) which in turn are subdivided into 133 districts. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000562 biolink:NamedThing Tunisia A country situated on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and Libya to the southeast. Tunisia is subdivided into 24 governorates, divided into 262 "delegations" or "districts" (mutamadiyat), and further subdivided into municipalities (shaykhats). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000565 biolink:NamedThing Morocco A country in North Africa. It has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has international borders with Algeria to the east, Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with two small Spanish autonomous cities, Ceuta and Melilla), and Mauritania to the south. Morocco is divided into 16 regions, and subdivided into 62 prefectures and provinces. Because of the conflict over Western Sahara, the status of both regions of "Saguia el-Hamra" and "Rio de Oro" is disputed. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000567 biolink:NamedThing Ethiopia A country in eastern Africa, between Somalia and Sudan.|An independent state in eastern Africa. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the north and northeast by Eritrea, on the east by Djibouti and Somalia, on the south by Kenya, and on the west and southwest by Sudan. Its capital is Addis Ababa. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000584 biolink:NamedThing Mali A country in western Africa, east of Mauritania and south of Algeria. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.|A country in western Africa, southwest of Algeria and east of Mauritania. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000585 biolink:NamedThing Niger A country in western Africa, southeast of Algeria and north of Nigeria.|A republic in western Africa, north of Nigeria and west of Chad. Its capital is Niamey. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000586 biolink:NamedThing Chad A country in central Africa, south of Libya, between Niger and Sudan.|A republic in central Africa, east of Niger, west of Sudan and south of Libya. Its capital is N'Djamena. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000591 biolink:NamedThing Spain A country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula, plus the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa that border Morocco. Spain is politically organized into 17 Autonomous Communities (comunidades autonomas) and 2 autonomous cities (ciudades autonomas) - Ceuta and Melilla. Administratively Spain also comprises fifty provinces. Seven autonomous communities are composed of only one province: Asturias, Balearic Islands, Cantabria, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, and Navarre. Historically, some provinces are also divided into comarcas (roughly equivalent to a US "county" or an English district). The lowest administrative division of Spain is the municipality (municipio). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000843 biolink:NamedThing Iceland A country in northern Europe, comprising the island of Iceland and its outlying islands in the North Atlantic Ocean between the rest of Europe and Greenland. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000905 biolink:NamedThing Burkina Faso A country in western Africa, between Mali and Ghana.|A republic in western Africa, south and east of Mali and west of Niger. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000906 biolink:NamedThing Côte d'Ivoire A country in western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia.|A republic in western Africa, south of Mali and Burkina Faso, bordered by Ghana on the east. Its administrative capital is Abidjan and Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983. The country was formerly called Ivory Coast. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000907 biolink:NamedThing Gambia A country in western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and surrounded by Senegal.|A republic in western Africa, constituting an enclave within Senegal extending on both sides of the Gambia River. Its capital is Banjul, formerly Bathurst. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000908 biolink:NamedThing Ghana A country in western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo.|A republic in western Africa, south of Burkina Faso and west of Togo. Its capital is Accra. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000910 biolink:NamedThing Guinea-Bissau A country in western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal.|A republic in western Africa, south of Senegal and west of Guinea. Its capital is Bissau. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000911 biolink:NamedThing Liberia A country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and the Atlantic Ocean. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000912 biolink:NamedThing Nigeria A country in western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon.|A republic in western Africa, south of Niger between Benin and Cameroon. Its capital is Abuja. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000913 biolink:NamedThing Senegal A country in western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania.|A republic in western Africa, southwest of Mauritania and east of Mali. Its capital is Dakar. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000914 biolink:NamedThing Sierra Leone A country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea in the north and east, Liberia in the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest and west. The Republic of Sierra Leone is composed of 3 provinces and one area called the Western Area; the provinces are further divided into 12 districts. The Western Area is also divided into 2 districts. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00000915 biolink:NamedThing Togo A country in western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Ghana.|A republic in western Africa, lying between Ghana on its west and Benin on its east. Its capital is Lome. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001086 biolink:NamedThing Democratic Republic of the Congo A country in central Africa, northeast of Angola.|A republic in central Africa, east of the Republic of the Congo, south of the Central African Republic and north of Angola and Zambia. The capital is Kinshasa. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001087 biolink:NamedThing Rwanda A small landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of east-central Africa, bordered by Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. Rwanda is divided into five provinces (intara) and subdivided into thirty districts (akarere). The districts are divided into sectors (imirenge). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001090 biolink:NamedThing Burundi A country in central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and south of Rwanda.|A republic in eastern Africa bounded on the north by Rwanda and on the south by Tanzania. Its capital is Bujumbura. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001091 biolink:NamedThing Equatorial Guinea A country in Central Africa. It is one of the smallest countries in continental Africa, and comprises two regions: Rio Muni, continental region including several offshore islands; and Insular Region containing Annobon island in the South Atlantic Ocean, and Bioko island (formerly Fernando Po) that contains the capital, Malabo. Equatorial Guinea is divided into seven provinces which are divided into districts. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001093 biolink:NamedThing Cameroon A country in western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria.|A republic in central Africa lying east of Chad and the Central African Republic and west of Nigeria. The capital is Yaounde. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001094 biolink:NamedThing Republic of South Africa A country in southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa.|A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001095 biolink:NamedThing Angola A country in southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo.|A republic in southern Africa, southwest of Democratic Republic of the Congo and west of Zambia. Its capital is Luanda. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001096 biolink:NamedThing Namibia A country in southern Africa on the Atlantic coast. It shares borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east, and South Africa to the south. Namibia is divided into 13 regions and subdivided into 102 constituencies. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001097 biolink:NamedThing Botswana A landlocked nation in Southern Africa. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west, Zambia to the north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. Botswana is divided into nine districts, which are subdivided into a total twenty-eight subdistricts. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001098 biolink:NamedThing Lesotho A country in southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa.|A kingdom in southern Africa, within the republic of SOUTH AFRICA. Its capital is Maseru. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001099 biolink:NamedThing Eswatini A country in southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa.|A kingdom in southern Africa, west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Mbabane. The area was settled by the Swazi branch of the Zulu nation in the early 1880's, with its independence guaranteed by the British and Transvaal governments in 1881 and 1884. With limited self-government introduced in 1962, it became independent in 1968. Swazi is the Zulu name for the people who call themselves Swati, from Mswati, the name of a 16th century king, from a word meaning stick or rod. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001101 biolink:NamedThing Kenya A country in eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania.|A republic in eastern Africa, south of Ethiopia, west of Somalia with Tanzania to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001102 biolink:NamedThing Uganda A country in eastern Africa, west of Kenya.|A republic in eastern Africa, south of Sudan and west of Kenya. Its capital is Kampala. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001103 biolink:NamedThing Tanzania A country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on the south. To the east it borders the Indian Ocean. Tanzania is divided into 26 regions (mkoa), twenty-one on the mainland and five on Zanzibar (three on Unguja, two on Pemba). Ninety-eight districts (wilaya), each with at least one council, have been created to further increase local authority; the councils are also known as local government authorities. Currently there are 114 councils operating in 99 districts; 22 are urban and 92 are rural. The 22 urban units are further classified as city councils (Dar es Salaam and Mwanza), municipal councils (Arusha, Dodoma, Iringa, Kilimanjaro, Mbeya, Morogoro, Shinyanga, Tabora, and Tanga) or town councils (the remaining eleven communities). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001104 biolink:NamedThing Somalia A country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya on its southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen on its north, the Indian Ocean at its east, and Ethiopia to the west. Prior to the civil war, Somalia was divided into eighteen regions (gobollada, singular gobol), which were in turn subdivided into districts. On a de facto basis, northern Somalia is now divided up among the quasi-independent states of Puntland, Somaliland, Galmudug and Maakhir. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001105 biolink:NamedThing Malawi A country in southern Africa, east of Zambia and west of Mozambique and Tanzania.|A republic in southern Africa east of Zambia and Mozambique. Its capital is Lilongwe. It was formerly called Nyasaland. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001106 biolink:NamedThing Zimbabwe A country in southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia, west of Mozambique.|A republic in southern Africa, east of Zambia and Botswana and west of Mozambique. Its capital is Harare. It was formerly called Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001107 biolink:NamedThing Zambia A landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The capital city is Lusaka. Zambia is divided into nine provinces. Each province is subdivided into several districts with a total of 73 districts. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001108 biolink:NamedThing Madagascar An island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the fourth largest island in the world, and is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, of which more than 80% are endemic to Madagascar. Most notable are the lemur infraorder of primates, the carnivorous fossa, three endemic bird families and six endemic baobab species. Madagascar is divided into six autonomous provinces (faritany mizakatena), and 22 regions. The regions are further subdivided into 116 districts, 1,548 communes, and 16,969 fokontany. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001227 biolink:NamedThing Cape Verde A republic located on an archipelago in the Macaronesia ecoregion of the North Atlantic Ocean, off the western coast of Africa. Cape Verde is divided into 22 municipalities (concelhos), and subdivided into 32 parishes (freguesias). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00001251 biolink:NamedThing Barbados An island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of the Americas, and the most easterly of the Caribbean Islands. It is 34 kilometres (21 miles) in length and up to 23 km (14 mi) in width, covering an area of 432 km2 (167 sq mi). It is in the western part of the North Atlantic, 100 km (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea. Barbados is located roughly 13°N of the equator. It is about 168 km (104 mi) east of both the countries of Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and 180 km (110 mi) south-east of Martinique and 400 km (250 mi) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago. Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt. Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002474 biolink:NamedThing Syria Country in the Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey. The capital is Damascus. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002476 biolink:NamedThing Israel A country in the Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon.|A country in the Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon. The capital is Jerusalem. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002478 biolink:NamedThing Lebanon A country in the Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria.|A country located in the Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria. The capital is Beirut. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002511 biolink:NamedThing Bolivia A landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil on the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina on the south, and Chile and Peru on the west. Bolivia is divided into 9 departments (Spanish: departamentos). Each of the departments is subdivided into provinces (provincias), which are further subdivided into municipalities (municipios). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002522 biolink:NamedThing Guyana A country in the N of South America. Guyana lies north of the equator, in the tropics, and is located on the Atlantic Ocean. Guyana is bordered to the east by Suriname, to the south and southwest by Brazil and to the west by Venezuela. Guyana is divided into 10 regions. The regions of Guyana are divided into 27 neighborhood councils. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002525 biolink:NamedThing Suriname A country in northern South America. It is situated between French Guiana to the east and Guyana to the west. The southern border is shared with Brazil and the northern border is the Atlantic coast. The southernmost border with French Guiana is disputed along the Marowijne river. Suriname is divided into 10 districts, each of which is divided into Ressorten. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002560 biolink:NamedThing Canada A country in northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous United States.|The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002635 biolink:NamedThing Denmark A nation situated in Scandinavia in northern Europe (Metropolitan Denmark) plus its two autonomous provinces, Greenland and The Faroe Islands. Denmark is divided into five regions and a total of 98 municipalities, plus two autonomous provinces. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002637 biolink:NamedThing United Kingdom A country in western Europe, comprising islands, including England, Scotland, Wales, and the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland, between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France.|Country in northwestern Europe including Great Britain and the northern one-sixth of Ireland, located between the North Sea and north Atlantic Ocean. The capital is London. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002646 biolink:NamedThing Germany A country in central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark.|A country in central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark. The capital is Berlin. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002650 biolink:NamedThing Italy A country in southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia. The capital is Rome.|A country in southern Europe, occupying a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002699 biolink:NamedThing Norway A country and constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. It is bordered by Sweden, Finland, and Russia. The Kingdom of Norway also includes the Arctic island territories of Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norwegian sovereignty over Svalbard is based upon the Svalbard Treaty, but that treaty does not apply to Jan Mayen. Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic Ocean and Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land in Antarctica are external dependencies, but those three entities do not form part of the kingdom. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002719 biolink:NamedThing Croatia A country in southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia.|Created 7 April 1992 as a result of the division of Yugoslavia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002721 biolink:NamedThing Russia A transcontinental country extending over much of northern Eurasia. Russia shares land borders with the following countries (counter-clockwise from northwest to southeast): Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast), Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. The Russian Federation comprises 83 federal subjectsm 46 oblasts(provinces), 21 republics, 9 krais (territories), 4 autonomous okrugs (autonomous districts), one autonomous oblast, and two federal cities. The federal subjects are grouped into seven federal districts. These subjects are divided into districts (raions), cities/towns and urban-type settlements, and, at level 4, selsovets (rural councils), towns and urban-type settlements under the jurisdiction of the district and city districts. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002724 biolink:NamedThing Ukraine A country in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south. Ukraine is subdivided into twenty-four oblasts (provinces) and one autonomous republic (avtonomna respublika), Crimea. Additionally, the cities of Kiev, the capital, and Sevastopol, both have a special legal status. The 24 oblasts and Crimea are subdivided into 490 raions (districts), or second-level administrative units. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002729 biolink:NamedThing Sweden A country in northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia. The capital is Helsinki.|A country in northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Sweden and Russia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002733 biolink:NamedThing Bahamas A country consisting of two thousand cays and seven hundred islands that form an archipelago. It is located in the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida and the United States, north of Cuba, the island of Hispanola and the Caribbean, and northwest of the British overseas territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands. It is divided into 32 districts, plus New Providence, whose affairs are handled directly by the central government. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002747 biolink:NamedThing Japan A country in eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula. The capital is Tokyo.|A country in eastern Asia, occupying an island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002801 biolink:NamedThing North Korea A state in East Asia in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula, with its capital in the city of Pyongyang. To the south and separated by the Korean Demilitarized Zone is South Korea, with which it formed one nation until division following World War II. At its northern Amnok River border are China and, separated by the Tumen River in the extreme north-east, Russia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002802 biolink:NamedThing South Korea A country in eastern Asia, occupying the southern half of the Korean Peninsula, bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002825 biolink:NamedThing Chile A country in southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru.|A country in southwestern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002828 biolink:NamedThing Brazil A country in eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean.|A country located on the eastern coast of South America, located between Colombia and Peru, that borders the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana, on the south by Uruguay, and on the west by Argentina. The capital is Brasilia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002839 biolink:NamedThing India A country in southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan. The capitol is New Delhi.|A country in southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Pakistan and China. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002845 biolink:NamedThing China A country in eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, south of Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia.|A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002852 biolink:NamedThing Mexico A country in North America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002892 biolink:NamedThing Panama The southernmost country of Central America. Situated on an isthmus, some categorize it as a transcontinental nation connecting the north and south part of America. It borders Costa Rica to the north-west, Colombia to the south-east, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Panama's major divisions are nine provinces and five Indigenous territories (comarcas indigenas). The provincial borders have not changed since they were determined at independence in 1903. The provinces are divided into districts, which in turn are subdivided into sections called corregimientos. Configurations of the corregimientos are changed periodically to accommodate population changes as revealed in the census reports. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002894 biolink:NamedThing Honduras A republic in Central America. The country is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea. Honduras is divided into 18 departments. The capital city is Tegucigalpa Central District of the department of Francisco Morazan. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002901 biolink:NamedThing Costa Rica A republic in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the east-southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, and the Caribbean Sea to the east. Costa Rica is composed of seven provinces, which in turn are divided into 81 cantons. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002912 biolink:NamedThing Ecuador A country in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, by Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. The country also includes the Galapagos Islands (Archipelago de Colon) in the Pacific, about 965 km west of the mainland. Ecuador is divided into 24 provinces, divided into 199 cantons and subdivided into parishes (or parroquias). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002928 biolink:NamedThing Argentina A country in southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay.|Country located in southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002929 biolink:NamedThing Colombia A country in northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Venezuela.|A country in northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the north Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama. The capital is Bogota. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002930 biolink:NamedThing Uruguay A country located in the southeastern part of South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the north, by Argentina across the bank of both the Uruguay River to the west and the estuary of Rio de la Plata to the southwest, and the South Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uraguay consists of 19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002931 biolink:NamedThing Venezuela A country on the northern coast of South America. The country comprises a continental mainland and numerous islands located off the Venezuelan coastline in the Caribbean Sea. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela possesses borders with Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, and Colombia to the west. Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, St. Lucia, Barbados, Curacao, Bonaire, Aruba, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the Leeward Antilles lie just north, off the Venezuelan coast. Venezuela is divided into twenty-three states (Estados), a capital district (distrito capital) corresponding to the city of Caracas, the Federal Dependencies (Dependencias Federales, a special territory), and Guayana Esequiba (claimed in a border dispute with Guyana). Venezuela is further subdivided into 335 municipalities (municipios); these are subdivided into over one thousand parishes (parroquias). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002932 biolink:NamedThing Peru A country in western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, and located between Chile and Ecuador.|A country in western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002933 biolink:NamedThing Paraguay A landlocked country in South America. It lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, bordering Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest, and is located in the very heart of South America. Paraguay consists of seventeen departments and one capital district (distrito capital). Each department is divided into districts. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002934 biolink:NamedThing Belize A country in central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002936 biolink:NamedThing Guatemala A country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the northwest, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize and the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast. Guatemala is divided into 22 departments (departamentos) and sub-divided into about 332 municipalities (municipios). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002937 biolink:NamedThing Finland A country in northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia. The capital is Helsinki.|A country in northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Sweden and Russia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002938 biolink:NamedThing Belgium A country in Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands. The capital is Brussels.|A country in western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002939 biolink:NamedThing Poland A country in central Europe, east of Germany.|A country in central Europe, east of Germany. The capital is Warsaw. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002940 biolink:NamedThing France A country whose metropolitan territory is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is divided into 26 administrative regions. 22 are in metropolitan France (21 are on the continental part of metropolitan France; one is the territorial collectivity of Corsica), and four are overseas regions. The regions are further subdivided into 100 departments which are numbered (mainly alphabetically). Four of these departments are found in the overseas regions and are simultaneously overseas regions and overseas departments and are an integral part of France (and the European Union) and thus enjoy a status similar to metropolitan departments. The 100 departments are subdivided into 341 arrondissements which are, in turn, subdivided into 4,032 cantons. These cantons are then divided into 36,680 communes, which are municipalities with an elected municipal council. There also exist 2,588 intercommunal entities grouping 33,414 of the 36,680 communes (i.e. 91.1% of all the communes). Three communes, Paris, Lyon and Marseille are also subdivided into 45 municipal arrondissements. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002941 biolink:NamedThing Switzerland A country in Europe. It is bordered by Austria, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, and Germany. The capital is Bern.|A country in central Europe, east of France and north of Italy. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002942 biolink:NamedThing Austria A country in central Europe, northeast of Italy and southeast of Germany.|A country located in Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia. The capital is Vienna. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002943 biolink:NamedThing Republic of Ireland A country in north-western Europe. The modern sovereign state occupies five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was partitioned in 1921. It is bordered by Northern Ireland (part of the United Kingdom) to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and by the Irish Sea to the east. Administration follows the 34 "county-level" counties and cities of Ireland. Of these twenty-nine are counties, governed by county councils while the five cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford have city councils, (previously known as corporations), and are administered separately from the counties bearing those names. The City of Kilkenny is the only city in the republic which does not have a "city council"; it is still a borough but not a county borough and is administered as part of County Kilkenny. Ireland is split into eight regions for NUTS statistical purposes. These are not related to the four traditional provinces but are based on the administrative counties.|A country in western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002944 biolink:NamedThing Portugal A country in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula and including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal. Portugal is divided into 308 municipalities (Portuguese singular/plural: concelho/concelhos), which are subdivided into more than 4,000 parishes (freguesia/freguesias). Municipalities are grouped for administrative purposes into superior units. For continental Portugal the municipalities are gathered in 18 Districts, while the Islands have a Regional Government directly above them. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002945 biolink:NamedThing Greece A country in southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey. The capital is Athens.|A country in southern Europe, bordering the Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean Seas, between Albania and Turkey. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002946 biolink:NamedThing Netherlands A country in western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany.|Country located in Europe. It is bordered by the North Sea, Belgium, and Germany. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten, formerly included in the Netherlands Antilles. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002947 biolink:NamedThing Luxembourg A small landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg is divided into 3 districts, which are further divided into 12 cantons and then 116 communes. Twelve of the communes have city status, of which the city of Luxembourg is the largest. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002948 biolink:NamedThing Andorra A small landlocked country in western Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain (Catalonia) and France. Andorra consists of seven communities known as parishes (Catalan: parroquies, singular - parroquia). Until relatively recently, it had only six parishes; the seventh, Escaldes-Engordany, was created in 1978. Some parishes have a further territorial subdivision. Ordino, La Massana and Sant Julia de Loria are subdivided into quarts (quarters), while Canillo is subdivided into veinats (neighborhoods). Those mostly coincide with villages, which are found in all parishes. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002950 biolink:NamedThing Bulgaria A country in Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey. The capital is Sofia.|A country in southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002951 biolink:NamedThing Romania A country in southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine.|A country in southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine. The capital is Bucharest. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002952 biolink:NamedThing Hungary A country in Europe, northwest of Romania, south of Slovakia, and east of Austria. The capital is Budapest.|A country in central Europe, northwest of Romania and south of Slovakia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002953 biolink:NamedThing Albania A country in Europe, on the Adriatic Sea. The capital is Tirana.|A country in southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, between Greece and Montenegro. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002954 biolink:NamedThing Czech Republic Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002955 biolink:NamedThing Slovenia A country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north. The capital of Slovenia is Ljubljana. As of 2005-05 Slovenia is divided into 12 statistical regions for legal and statistical purposes. Slovenia is divided into 210 local municipalities, eleven of which have urban status. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002956 biolink:NamedThing Slovakia A country in central Europe, south of Poland and north of Hungary.|Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002957 biolink:NamedThing Serbia A republic in southeastern Europe, between Romania and Bosnia and Herzegovina.|A republic located south of Hungary, west of Romania and Bulgaria, and part of the former Yugoslavia. The capital is Belgrade. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002958 biolink:NamedThing Latvia A country in Northern Europe. Latvia shares land borders with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south, and both Russia and Belarus to the east. It is separated from Sweden in the west by the Baltic Sea. The capital of Latvia is Riga. Latvia is divided into 26 districts (raioni). There are also seven cities (lielpilsetas) that have a separate status. Latvia is also historically, culturally and constitutionally divided in four or more distinct regions. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002959 biolink:NamedThing Estonia A country in Northern Europe. Estonia has land borders to the south with Latvia and to the east with Russia. It is separated from Finland in the north by the Gulf of Finland and from Sweden in the west by the Baltic Sea. Estonia is divided into 15 counties. (maakonnad; sing. - maakond). Estonian counties are divided into rural (vallad, singular vald) and urban (linnad, singular linn; alevid, singular alev; alevikud, singular alevik) municipalities. The municipalities comprise populated places (asula or asustusuksus) - various settlements and territorial units that have no administrative function. A group of populated places form a rural municipality with local administration. Most towns constitute separate urban municipalities, while some have joined with surrounding rural municipalities. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002960 biolink:NamedThing Lithuania A country located along the south-eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, sharing borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of the Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest. Lithuania has a three-tier administrative division: the country is divided into 10 counties (singular apskritis, plural, apskritys) that are further subdivided into 60 municipalities (singular savivaldybe, plural savivaldybes) which consist of over 500 elderates (singular seniunija, plural seniunijos). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00002978 biolink:NamedThing Nicaragua A republic in Central America. It is also the least densely populated with a demographic similar in size to its smaller neighbors. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and by Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of the country, while the Caribbean Sea lies to the east. For administrative purposes it is divided into 15 departments (departamentos) and two self-governing regions (autonomous communities) based on the Spanish model. The departments are then subdivided into 153 municipios (municipalities). The two autonomous regions are Region Autonoma del Atlantico Norte and Region Autonoma del Atlantico Sur, often referred to as RAAN and RAAS, respectively. Until they were granted autonomy in 1985 they formed the single department of Zelaya. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003727 biolink:NamedThing Indonesia A country in southeastern Asia, comprising the archipelago and islands between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, north of Australia.|A republic stretching from the Indian Ocean east to New Guinea, comprising six main islands: Java, Sumatra, Bali, Kalimantan (the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo), Sulawesi (formerly known as the Celebes) and Irian Jaya (the western part of New Guinea). Its capital is Djakarta. The ethnic groups living there are largely Chinese, Arab, Eurasian, Indian, and Pakistani; 85% of the peoples are of the Islamic faith. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003744 biolink:NamedThing Thailand A country in southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma.|Formerly known as Siam, this is a Southeast Asian nation at the center of the Indochina peninsula. Bangkok is the capital city. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003750 biolink:NamedThing Bangladesh A country in Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India. The capital is Dhaka.|A country in southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003756 biolink:NamedThing Vietnam A country in southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, alongside China, Laos, and Cambodia.|A country in southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, as well as China, Laos, and Cambodia. The capital is Hanoi. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003762 biolink:NamedThing Cuba A country that consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles), Isla de la Juventud and several adjacent small islands. Fourteen provinces and one special municipality (the Isla de la Juventud) now compose Cuba. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003767 biolink:NamedThing Trinidad and Tobago An archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying northeast of the South American nation of Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles. It also shares maritime boundaries with Barbados to the northeast and Guyana to the southeast. The country covers an area of 5,128 km2 and consists of two main islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and 21 smaller islands. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003781 biolink:NamedThing Jamaica A nation of the Greater Antilles. Jamaica is divided into 14 parishes, which are grouped into three historic counties that have no administrative relevance. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003897 biolink:NamedThing Moldova A landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south. Moldova is divided into thirty-two districts (raioane, singular raion); three municipalities (Balti, Chisinau, Tighina); and two autonomous regions (Gagauzia and Transnistria). The cities of Comrat and Tiraspol also have municipality status, however not as first-tier subdivisions of Moldova, but as parts of the regions of Gagauzia and Transnistria, respectively. The status of Transnistria is however under dispute. Although it is de jure part of Moldova and is recognized as such by the international community, Transnistria is not de facto under the control of the central government of Moldova. It is administered by an unrecognized breakaway authority under the name Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003902 biolink:NamedThing Malaysia A country in southeastern Asia bordering Indonesia and the South China Sea, occupying a peninsula south of Thailand and the northern one-third of the island of Borneo.|A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of Borneo. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003922 biolink:NamedThing Papua New Guinea A country consisting of the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and adjacent islands, including New Britain, New Ireland, the Admiralty Islands, and New Hanover in the Bismarck Archipelago; Bougainville and Buka in the northern Solomon Islands; the D'Entrecasteaux and Trobriand Islands; Woodlark (Murua) Island; and the Louisiade Archipelago. It became independent on September 16, 1975. Formerly, the southern part was the Australian Territory of Papua, and the northern part was the UN Trust Territory of New Guinea, administered by Australia. They were administratively merged in 1949 and named Papua and New Guinea, and renamed Papua New Guinea in 1971.|A country in southeastern Asia, comprising a group of islands and including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003923 biolink:NamedThing Singapore A country in southeastern Asia, comprised of the southern tip of the Malaysian peninsula and nearby islands between Malaysia and Indonesia.|Country of islands in Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia. The capital is Singapore. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003924 biolink:NamedThing Sri Lanka A country in southern Asia, occupying an island in the Indian Ocean, southeast of India.|Country in southern Asia, an island in the Indian Ocean, south of India. The capital is Colombo. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003952 biolink:NamedThing Dominican Republic A country in the West Indies that occupies the E two-thirds of the Hispaniola island. The Dominican Republic's shores are washed by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Caribbean Sea to the south. The Mona Passage, a channel about 130 km wide, separates the country (and the Hispaniola) from Puerto Rico. The Dominican Republic is divided into 31 provinces. Additionally, the national capital, Santo Domingo, is contained within its own Distrito Nacional (National District). The provinces are divided into municipalities (municipios; singular municipio). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00003953 biolink:NamedThing Haiti A country located in the Greater Antilles archipelago on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is divided into 10 departments. The departments are further divided into 41 arrondissements, and 133 communes which serve as second and third level administrative divisions. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00004007 biolink:NamedThing Republic of Cyprus An internationally recognized state, has de jure sovereignty over 97% of the island of Cyprus and all surrounding waters. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00004017 biolink:NamedThing Malta An independent state consisting of three islands: Malta, Comino and Gozo, located in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily. Its capital is Valetta. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00004094 biolink:NamedThing Armenia A landlocked mountainous country in Eurasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the Southern Caucasus. It borders Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan to the south. A transcontinental country at the juncture of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. A former republic of the Soviet Union. Armenia is divided into ten marzes (provinces, singular marz), with the city (kaghak) of Yerevan having special administrative status as the country's capital. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00004399 biolink:NamedThing Nepal A country in southern Asia, between China and India, west of Bhutan.|County located in southern Asia, between China and India. The capital is Kathmandu. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00004474 biolink:NamedThing Iran A country bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan. The capital is Tehran.|A country in the Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00004483 biolink:NamedThing Iraq A country bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait. The capital is Baghdad.|A country in the Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Syria. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00004525 biolink:NamedThing Philippines A country in southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, and east of Vietnam. The capital is Manila.|A country in southeastern Asia, comprised of an archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00004941 biolink:NamedThing Azerbaijan A country in the he South Caucasus region of Eurasia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. The Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan is bordered by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, and Turkey to the northwest. Nagorno-Karabakh, along with 7 other districts in Azerbaijan's southwest, have been controlled by Armenia since the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994. Azerbaijan is divided into 59 rayons 11 city districts (saharlar), and one autonomous republic (muxtar respublika). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00004942 biolink:NamedThing Georgia A Eurasian country in the Caucasus located at the east coast of the Black Sea. In the north, Georgia has a 723 km common border with Russia, specifically with the Northern Caucasus federal district. The following Russian republics/subdivisions: from west to east: border Georgia: Krasnodar Krai, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia-Alania, Ingushetia, Chechnya, Dagestan. Georgia also shares borders with Azerbaijan (322 km) to the south-east, Armenia (164 km) to the south, and Turkey (252 km) to the south-west. It is a transcontinental country, located at the juncture of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Georgia is divided into 9 regions, 2 autonomous republics (avtonomiuri respublika), and 1 city (k'alak'i). The regions are further subdivided into 69 districts (raioni). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00005246 biolink:NamedThing Pakistan A country in southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north.|A country located in southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north. The capital is Islamabad. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00005279 biolink:NamedThing Saudi Arabia A country on the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Persian Gulf lies to the northeast and the Red Sea to its west. Saudi Arabia is divided into 13 provinces or regions (manatiq; singular mintaqah). Each is then divided into Governorates. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00005281 biolink:NamedThing Bahrain A borderless island country in the Persian Gulf. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain by the King Fahd Causeway, and Qatar is to the south across the Gulf of Bahrain. Bahrain is split into five governorates. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00005283 biolink:NamedThing Oman A country in the Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, southeast of Saudi Arabia.|A sultanate on the southeast coast of the Arabian peninsula. Its capital is Masqat. Before the 16th century it was ruled by independent emirs but was captured and controlled by the Portuguese 1508-1648. In 1741 it was recovered by a descendent of Yemen's imam. After its decline in the 19th century, it became virtually a political and economic dependency within the British Government of India, retaining close ties with Great Britain by treaty from 1939 to 1970 when it achieved autonomy. The name was recorded by Pliny in the 1st century A.D. as Omana, said to be derived from the founder of the state, Oman ben Ibrahim al-Khalil. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00005341 biolink:NamedThing Republic of China A group of islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, off the southeastern coast of China north of the Philippines.|Country in eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China. The capital is Taipei. The alternate country name is Republic of China. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006882 biolink:NamedThing Afghanistan A landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast. Afghanistan is administratively divided into thirty-four (34) provinces (welayats). Each province is then divided into many provincial districts, and each district normally covers a city or several townships. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006886 biolink:NamedThing Belarus A country in Eastern Europe, east of Poland. The capital is Minsk.|A country in eastern Europe, east of Poland and north of Ukraine. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006887 biolink:NamedThing Bosnia and Herzegovina A country on the Balkan peninsula of Southern Europe. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the south, Bosnia and Herzegovina is mostly landlocked, except for 26 km of the Adriatic Sea coastline. Bosnia and Herzegovina is now divided into three political regions of which one, the Brcko District is part of the other two, the Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine and the Republika Srpska. All three have an equal constitutional status on the whole territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006888 biolink:NamedThing Cambodia A country in southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos.|A country located in Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. The capital is Phnom Penh. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006889 biolink:NamedThing Laos A landlocked country in southeast Asia, bordered by Burma (Myanmar) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west. Laos is divided into sixteen provinces (qwang) and Vientiane Capital (Na Kone Luang Vientiane). The provinces further divided into districts (muang). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006891 biolink:NamedThing Fiji An island nation in the South Pacific Ocean east of Vanuatu, west of Tonga and south of Tuvalu. The country occupies an archipelago of about 322 islands, of which 106 are permanently inhabited, and 522 islets. The two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, account for 87% of the population. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006893 biolink:NamedThing Kyrgyzstan A country in Central Asia. Landlocked and mountainous, it is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east. Kyrgyzstan is divided into seven provinces (oblast. The capital, Bishkek, and the second large city Osh are administratively the independent cities (shaar) with a status equal to a province. Each province comprises a number of districts (raions). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006895 biolink:NamedThing North Macedonia A country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Yugoslavia. North Macedonia is a landlocked country bordering with Kosovo to the northwest, Serbia to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, and Albania to the west. It constitutes approximately the northern third of the larger geographical region of Macedonia. Skopje, the capital and largest city, is home to a quarter of the country's 1.83 million population. The majority of the residents are ethnic Macedonians, a South Slavic people. Albanians form a significant minority at around 25%, followed by Turks, Romani, Serbs, Bosniaks, Aromanians and a few other minorities. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006898 biolink:NamedThing Montenegro A country in southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina.|Country in Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia. The capital is Podgorica. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006899 biolink:NamedThing Myanmar A country in southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, southwest of China, between Bangladesh and Thailand.|A republic of southeast Asia, northwest of Thailand, long familiar as Burma. Its capital is Yangon, formerly Rangoon. Inhabited by people of Mongolian stock and probably of Tibetan origin, by the 3d century A.D. it was settled by Hindus. The modern Burmese state was founded in the 18th century but was in conflict with the British during the 19th century. Made a crown colony of Great Britain in 1937, it was granted independence in 1947. In 1989 it became Myanmar. The name comes from myanma, meaning the strong, as applied to the Burmese people themselves. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006902 biolink:NamedThing Niue Fekai A country in the Pacific, occupying an island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga and south of American Samoa.|An island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. Although self-governing, Niue is in free association with New Zealand, meaning that the Sovereign in Right of New Zealand is also Niue's head of state. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006910 biolink:NamedThing Samoa A country governing the western part of the Samoan Islands archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean. Samoa is made up of eleven itumalo (political districts). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006916 biolink:NamedThing Tonga A Polynesian country and also an archipelago consisting of 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area of the archipelago is about 750 km2 (290 sq mi), scattered over 700,000 km2 (270,000 sq mi) of the southern Pacific Ocean. As of 2021, according to Johnson's Tribune, Tonga has a population of 104,494, 70% of whom reside on the main island, Tongatapu. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00006935 biolink:NamedThing Commonwealth of Puerto Rico A semi-autonomous territory composed of an archipelago in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands, approximately 2,000 km off the coast of Florida (the nearest of the mainland United States). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00008744 biolink:NamedThing Mongolia A country in East-Central Asia. The landlocked country borders Russia to the north and China to the south. The capital and largest city is Ulan Bator. Mongolia is divided into 21 aimags (provinces), which are in turn divided into 315 sums (districts). The capital Ulan Bator is administrated separately as a khot (municipality) with provincial status. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00233439 biolink:NamedThing South Sudan A landlocked country in east/central Africa. It is landlocked by Ethiopia, Sudan, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya. It has a population of 11.06 million, of which 525,953 live in the capital and largest city Juba. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_00265354 biolink:NamedThing El Salvador A country in Central America, bordering the north Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras. The capital is San Salvador. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GAZ_02000573 biolink:NamedThing Grenada An island country in the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea at the southern end of the Grenadines island chain. Grenada consists of the island of Grenada itself, two smaller islands, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, and several small islands which lie to the north of the main island and are a part of the Grenadines. It is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Its size is 348.5 square kilometres (134.6 sq mi), and it had an estimated population of 112,523 in July 2020. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D004723 biolink:NamedThing endorphin One of several substances made in the body that can relieve pain and give a feeling of well-being. Endorphins are peptides (small proteins) that bind to opioid receptors in the central nervous system. An endorphin is a type of neurotransmitter.|One of the three major groups of endogenous opioid peptides. They are large peptides derived from the pro-opiomelanocortin precursor. The known members of this group are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphin. The term endorphin is also sometimes used to refer to all opioid peptides, but the narrower sense is used here; opioid peptides is used for the broader group. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D018847 biolink:NamedThing opioid peptide The endogenous peptides with opiate-like activity. The three major classes currently recognized are the enkephalins, the dynorphins, and the endorphins. Each of these families derives from different precursors, proenkephalin, prodynorphin, and pro-opiomelanocortin, respectively. There are also at least three classes of opioid receptors, but the peptide families do not map to the receptors in a simple way. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83352 biolink:NamedThing peptide hormone Small proteins that function as hormonal signals, synthesized and secreted by one tissue or organ with physiological effects on other tissues or organs. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D004954 biolink:NamedThing aesthetics A branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art, beauty and taste. It examines subjective and sensori-emotional values, or sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_003088 biolink:NamedThing basic philosophy Philosophy fields that form the basis of philosophy; i.e. non-applied philosophies. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008678 biolink:NamedThing metaphysics The branch of philosophy that examines the fundamental nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and matter, between substance and attribute, and between potentiality and actuality. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_003081 biolink:NamedThing ethics A branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value, and thus comprises the branch of philosophy called axiology. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_008133 biolink:NamedThing epistemology The branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge. Epistemology is the study of the nature of knowledge, justification, and the rationality of belief. Much debate in epistemology centers on four areas: (1) the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to such concepts as truth, belief, and justification, (2) various problems of skepticism, (3) the sources and scope of knowledge and justified belief, and (4) the criteria for knowledge and justification. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D005431 biolink:NamedThing Florida State bounded on east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Gulf of Mexico, on the west by Alabama and on the north by Alabama and Georgia. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D005845 biolink:NamedThing Georgia A state in the southeastern United States. Its capital is Atlanta.|A state located in the southeastern United States, The capital is Atlanta. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D013022 biolink:NamedThing South Carolina A state in the mid-atlantic United States. Its capital is Columbia.|State bounded on the north by North Carolina, on the east and south by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by Georgia. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D005498 biolink:NamedThing follicular phase The period of the menstrual cycle representing follicular growth, increase in ovarian estrogen (estrogens) production, and epithelial proliferation of the endometrium. Follicular phase begins with the onset of menstruation and ends with ovulation. GSSO_relaxed.owl GO:0044850 biolink:NamedThing menstrual cycle A type of ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.|The cyclic cellular, histological, and functional changes in the ovary during the menstrual cycle in response to the changing endocrine environment. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008183 biolink:NamedThing luteal phase The period in the menstrual that follows ovulation, characterized by the development of corpus luteum, increase in progesterone production by the ovary and secretion by the glandular epithelium of the endometrium. The luteal phase begins with ovulation and ends with the onset of menstruation. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008598 biolink:NamedThing menstruation The normal physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and mucosal tissues from the nonpregnant uterus.|The periodic shedding of the endometrium and associated menstrual bleeding in the menstrual cycle of humans and primates. Menstruation is due to the decline in circulating progesterone, and occurs at the late luteal phase when luteolysis of the corpus luteum takes place. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D046910 biolink:NamedThing fertile period The period in the menstrual cycle that is optimal for fertilization of the ovum and yielding pregnancy. The duration of fertile period depends on the life span of male gametes within the female reproductive tract and the time of ovulation. It usually begins a few days before ovulation and ends on the day of ovulation. GSSO_relaxed.owl EFO:0007786 biolink:NamedThing menstrual cycle measurement Quantification of some aspects of a person's menstrual cycle such as its length. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D005783 biolink:NamedThing identité de genre A person's concept of self as being male and masculine or female and feminine, or ambivalent, based in part on physical characteristics, parental responses, and psychological and social pressures. It is the internal experience of gender role.|A person's sense of self as a member of a particular gender. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_003284 biolink:NamedThing self-identity The sum of a being's knowledge and understanding of their self. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007191 biolink:NamedThing disability identity Disability identity refers to the particular disabilities with which an individual identifies. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007230 biolink:NamedThing cultural identity Cultural identity is the (feeling of) identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as they are influenced by their belonging to a group or culture. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007232 biolink:NamedThing ethnic identity An ethnic identity is the identification with a certain ethnicity, usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or ancestry. Recognition by others as a distinct ethnic group is often a contributing factor to developing this bond of identification. Ethnic groups are also often united by common cultural, behavioral, linguistic, ritualistic, or religious traits. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007233 biolink:NamedThing national identity National identity is an ethical and philosophical concept whereby all humans are divided into groups called nations. Members of a "nation" share a common identity, and usually a common origin, in the sense of ancestry, parentage or descent. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007234 biolink:NamedThing professional identity Identification with a profession, exhibited by an aligning of roles, responsibilities, values, and ethical standards as accepted by the profession. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_007235 biolink:NamedThing religious identity A religious identity is the set of beliefs and practices generally held by an individual, involving adherence to codified beliefs and rituals and study of ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, and mythology, as well as faith and mystic experience. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_008765 biolink:NamedThing alternate identity A second or secondary identity assumed by a person, which is distinct from a person's "normal" or true personality/identity. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_008987 biolink:NamedThing race identity A sense of group or collective identity based on one's perception that they shares a common heritage with a particular racial group. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C19332 biolink:NamedThing personal attribute The distinguishing qualities or prominent aspects of an individual person. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000713 biolink:NamedThing romantic orientation The sex or gender with which a person is most likely to have a romantic relationship or fall in love. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004900 biolink:NamedThing sociosexual orientation The individual difference in the willingness to engage in sexual activity outside of a committed relationship. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_005363 biolink:NamedThing cause of death Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.|The circumstance or condition that results in the death of a living being. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009468 biolink:NamedThing gender modality The correspondence (or lack thereof) between one's assigned gender at birth and one's actual gender and/or gender presentation. The two primary, and most well known gender modalities are cisgender and transgender. However those are not the only possible relations for one to have. Gender modality is an open-ended category which welcomes the elaboration of further terms. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_010657 biolink:NamedThing gender state A rarely used classification system (usually used in a joking manner) to describe one's relationship to their gender via one of the states of matter (being built around the present terminology of genderfluid and adding "gendersolid", "gendergas", etc.). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_011403 biolink:NamedThing sex dyadicity One's condition as intersex or non-intersex (endosex or perisex). GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C114182 biolink:NamedThing dominant hand The preferred hand of use for controlled and efficient performance of motor tasks. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C16578 biolink:NamedThing fertility The ability of an individual to produce offspring. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C16669 biolink:NamedThing health status The state of a subject's mental or physical condition. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C17047 biolink:NamedThing quality of life A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral, social environment as well as health and disease.|The subjective measurement of an individual's sense of well-being and ability to enjoy life. The concept holds varying meanings for different people and may evolve over time. For some individuals it implies autonomy, empowerment, capability, and choice; for others, security, social integration, or freedom from stress or illness. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C17357 biolink:NamedThing toplumsal cinsiyet Identification as male/masculine, female/feminine or something else, and association with a (social) role or set of behavioral and cultural traits, clothing, etc; a category to which a person belongs on this basis. Gender is the result of a complex combination of gender role, gender expression, gender identity, and gender modality. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C17713 biolink:NamedThing personality trait The characteristics in behavior that a certain person has. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C25172 biolink:NamedThing employment The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary; the occupation for which you are paid. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C25188 biolink:NamedThing marital status A demographic parameter indicating a person's current conjugal status. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C25460 biolink:NamedThing samtykke Permission to do something. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C28421 biolink:NamedThing cinsiyet The theoretical totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, phenotype, and genotype, differentiating the male from the female organism. In practice, many cases occur where a majority of characteristics occur aligning with "maleness" or "femaleness", with a minority not fitting those expectations. "Sex" therefore is often not specific enough of a term to be useful. Consider using something like "gonadal sex" or "chromosomal sex" instead. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C37986 biolink:NamedThing libido The psychic drive or energy associated with sexual instinct in the broad sense (pleasure and love-object seeking). It may also connote the psychic energy associated with instincts in general that motivate behavior. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C61009 biolink:NamedThing blood type The specific reaction pattern of erythrocytes of an individual to the antisera of one blood group; e.g., the ABO blood group consists of four major blood types: O, A, B, and AB. This classification depends on the presence or absence of two major antigens: A or B. Type O occurs when neither is present and type AB when both are present. The blood type is the genetic phenotype of the individual for one blood group system and may be determined using different antisera available for testing. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C78209 biolink:NamedThing ability The quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C84361 biolink:NamedThing orientim seksual One's tendencies of sexual attraction, considered as a whole. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C94607 biolink:NamedThing body image The way a person thinks about their body and how it looks to others. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0328408 biolink:NamedThing age A temporal measurement of the time period elapsed since an identifiable point in the life cycle of an organism. If a developmental stage is specified, the identifiable point would be the beginning of that stage. Otherwise the identifiable point must be specified such as planting (e.g. 3 days post planting). GSSO_relaxed.owl SIO:000183 biolink:NamedThing personal name An identifier, not necessarily unique, for a specific individual human person.|The set of names by which an individual is known and that can be recited as a word-group, with the understanding that, taken together, they all relate to that one individual. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D005817 biolink:NamedThing genetic counseling An educational process that provides information and advice to individuals or families about a genetic condition that may affect them. The purpose is to help individuals make informed decisions about marriage, reproduction, and other health management issues based on information about the genetic disease, the available diagnostic tests, and management programs. Psychosocial support is usually offered. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D033142 biolink:NamedThing genetic service Organized services to provide diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of genetic disorders. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001528 biolink:NamedThing dysgenesis An abnormal organ development during embryonic growth and development. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006060 biolink:NamedThing mixed gonadal dysgenesis A type of gonadal dysgenesis resulting from any of various chromosomal mosaicisms. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001529 biolink:NamedThing pure gonadal dysgenesis Gonadal dysgenesis with non-mosaic karyotypes, such as 46,XX or 46,XY. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001533 biolink:NamedThing ovarian dysgenesis Any of various conditions which feature dysgenetic ovaries. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006065 biolink:NamedThing pituitary gonadotropin Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (pituitary gland, anterior) that stimulate gonadal functions in both males and females. They include follice stimulating hormone that stimulates germ cell maturation (oogenesis; spermatogenesis), and luteinizing hormone that stimulates the production of sex steroids (estrogens; progesterone; androgens). GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83362 biolink:NamedThing gonadotropin Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as gametogenesis and sex steroid hormone production in the ovary and the testis. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (gonadotropins, pituitary) and the placenta (chorionic gonadotropin). In some species, pituitary prolactin and placental lactogen exert some luteotropic activities. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006099 biolink:NamedThing granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_011373 biolink:NamedThing granulomatous lesion A lesion which is related to, or characterized by, granuloma. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006130 biolink:NamedThing growth disorder Medical problems that affect a person's growth or otherwise present growth-related symptoms. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000488 biolink:NamedThing disorder A functional abnormality or disturbance. GSSO_relaxed.owl DOID:0080015 biolink:NamedThing physical disorder A disorder which is not mental in nature or which is primarily non-mental. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000498 biolink:NamedThing mental disorder A behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single event. Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000499 biolink:NamedThing functional disorder A medical condition that impairs normal functioning of bodily processes that remains largely undetected under examination, dissection or even under a microscope. At the exterior, there is no appearance of abnormality. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C3101 biolink:NamedThing genetic disorder A genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities formed in the genome. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006266 biolink:NamedThing health education Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_009037 biolink:NamedThing cultural education The acquisition of knowledge about one's culture or cultures. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006470 biolink:NamedThing hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.|The flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessel. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBI:1110122 biolink:NamedThing pathologic process A biologic function or a process having an abnormal or deleterious effect at the subcellular, cellular, multicellular, or organismal level.|The abnormal mechanisms and forms involved in the dysfunctions of tissues and organs. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000486 biolink:NamedThing disease Any condition that impairs the normal functioning of the body. For this reason, diseases are associated with dysfunctioning of the body's normal homeostatic processes. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004103 biolink:NamedThing death Death is the permanent cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living, physical organism. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_011754 biolink:NamedThing hypersensitivity process An immune or non-immune mediated pathological process that represents the underlying mechanism of hypersensitivity conditions. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C18264 biolink:NamedThing pathogenesis The pathologic, physiologic, or biochemical mechanism resulting in the development of a disease or morbid process.|The set of specific processes that generate the ability of an organism to induce an abnormal, generally detrimental state in another organism. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006473 biolink:NamedThing postpartum hemorrhage Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with obstetric labor or childbirth. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as blood pressure and hematocrit. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum). GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001277 biolink:NamedThing obstetrical hemorrhage Bleeding in pregnancy that occurs before, during, or after childbirth. Bleeding before childbirth is that which occurs after 24 weeks of pregnancy. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001279 biolink:NamedThing late pregnancy hemorrhage An abnormal bleeding through the vagina that occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D010105 biolink:NamedThing oxygenase Oxidases that specifically introduce dioxygen-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006965 biolink:NamedThing hyperplasia An abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or a tissue with consequent enlargement. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001554 biolink:NamedThing trophic disorder A disorder which is trophic in nature; that is, it involves some issue with tissue growth. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006984 biolink:NamedThing hypertrophy Abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001548 biolink:NamedThing aplasia Absence of an organ or tissue coupled with persistence of the organ/tissue primordium, which fails to develop completely. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004831 biolink:NamedThing atrophy The partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_004832 biolink:NamedThing hypotrophy A degeneration in the functioning of an organ due to the loss of cells. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C120893 biolink:NamedThing hypoplasia Incomplete or underdevelopment of a tissue or organ. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001676 biolink:NamedThing morphological enlargement A growth or enlargement of some part of an organism's morphology. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001677 biolink:NamedThing congenital enlargement Morphological enlargement present at birth. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001678 biolink:NamedThing acquired enlargement Morphological enlargement acquired after birth. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_006172 biolink:NamedThing morphological dilation The condition of some part of one's anatomy being dilated or stretched. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001667 biolink:NamedThing congenital malformation of the penis Malformations of any part or the entirety of the penis which are present at birth. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001685 biolink:NamedThing congenital hidden penis A condition in which the penis is covered by excess skin the pubic area at birth. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_011135 biolink:NamedThing congenital penile chordee Penile chordee which is congenital. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D007223 biolink:NamedThing infant A child between 1 and 23 months of age. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_005300 biolink:NamedThing persons by age Persons organized primarily by their age and/or age group. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_001452 biolink:NamedThing youth The time of life between childhood and maturity. This period overlaps with adolescence. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_005301 biolink:NamedThing older person A person who is considered older. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_012344 biolink:NamedThing LGBTQ persons by age LGBTQ persons organized primarily by their age and/or age group. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C16423 biolink:NamedThing child A person 6 to 12 years of age, or an individual who is a direct descendant by birth, adoption, or other process, regardless of age. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C17600 biolink:NamedThing adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C20587 biolink:NamedThing age group Persons classified by age from birth (infant, newborn) to octogenarians and older (aged, 80 and over).|Subgroups of populations based on age. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D007273 biolink:NamedThing intramuscular injection Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.|Intramuscular injection is a route of drug administration via injection into muscle tissue. Aqueous or oleaginous solutions and emulsions or suspensions may be administered. Absorption rates, delay in availability of the drug to the systemic circulation, and duration of effect are perfusion-limited, depend on molecular size of the agent, volume, and osmolarity of the drug solution, fat content of the injection site, and patient physical activity. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C28160 biolink:NamedThing injection route of administration Administration of a drug into a location within the body; this can be achieved either through an established access or via a needle. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D007279 biolink:NamedThing subcutaneous injection Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_002208 biolink:NamedThing silicone injection The introduction of polymeric organic silicon based material via injection. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_002316 biolink:NamedThing percutaneous injection Administration of a drug through the skin. GSSO_relaxed.owl NCIT:C38299 biolink:NamedThing subcutaneous route of administration Drug administration beneath the skin. It provides for relatively slow, sustained release of the drug. The rate of absorption into the blood is perfusion-limited, proportional to the amount of drug at the site and can be enhanced by chemical or physical stimulation of blood flow. Subcutaneous administration minimizes the risks associated with intravascular injection: for subcutaneous infusions, external and implantable pumps are used. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_010780 biolink:NamedThing subcutaneous implant An implant applied subcutaneously. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D007360 biolink:NamedThing intelligence The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions. GSSO_relaxed.owl OBO:GSSO_000924 biolink:NamedThing cognitive function Intellectual processes which allow for knowledge acquisition. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D007858 biolink:NamedThing learning Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.|Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D007412 biolink:NamedThing intestinal fistula An abnormal anatomical passage between the intestine, and another segment of the intestine or other organs. External intestinal fistula is connected to the skin (enterocutaneous fistula). Internal intestinal fistula can be connected to a number of organs, such as stomach (gastrocolic fistula), the biliary tract (cholecystoduodenal fistula), or the urinary bladder of the urinary tract (colovesical fistula). Risk factors include inflammatory processes, cancer, radiation treatment, and surgical misadventures. GSSO_relaxed.owl http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D016154 biolink:NamedThing digestive system fistula An abnormal passage communicating between any components of the digestive system, or between any part of the digestive system and surrounding organ(s). GSSO_relaxed.owl